Alleviate the "charging anxiety", and 2022 is expected to usher in the first year of fast charging. In practice, most pure electric vehicles need to be charged for 40-50 minutes and can travel about 150-200km to achieve soc30% - 80%. At present, Porsche taycan, Tesla Model 3, Hyundai ioniq5 and extreme Fox α Shi version and GAC aionvplus can be charged for 5min and the longest endurance is about 100km. It is expected that in 2022, more mainstream car enterprises such as Xiaopeng and GAC are expected to launch fast charging pure electric models to realize charging for 5min and endurance of about 200km +. 2022 is expected to welcome the first year of fast charging, and "charging anxiety" is expected to be significantly alleviated. Byd Company Limited(002594) , lantu, ideal, GM, Mercedes Benz and Volkswagen are also stepping up the layout of fast charging, and the trend of super fast charging industry has been established.
High power fast charging technology route: high current / high voltage. At present, there are two technical routes to improve charging efficiency: increasing charging current or increasing charging voltage. Under 400V voltage platform, the charging power of 250A current is 100kW, and it can travel about 100km after charging for 10min. By increasing the current to 500A +, the 200kW level fast charging can be realized, charging for 5min and endurance of 100-200km. At present, Tesla Model 3, GAC aionvplus, polar krypton 001 and other high current schemes are adopted. However, to realize 400KW charging, it is necessary to upgrade the electric vehicle from 400V to 800V high-voltage platform, realize charging for 5min and endurance of 200-300km, and greatly alleviate the charging anxiety. At present, Porsche taycan, Hyundai ioniq5 and polar fox adopt high-voltage schemes α Shi version, in the future Byd Company Limited(002594) , GAC, Xiaopeng, lantu and ideal are also expected to launch 800V high-voltage architecture models.
High power fast charging leads the change of vehicle pile. (1) Battery Transformation: high rate battery of 2C and above. 2C + battery is required for 200kW fast charging, and 4C + battery is required for 400KW fast charging. 800V voltage is also required at the battery module level through series connection. (2) High voltage architecture reform: 400KW fast charging requires 800V high voltage architecture. At the level of electric drive, the bearing anti-corrosion and insulation performance of 800V motor need to be improved compared with 400V motor; at the same time, with the improvement of motor power, Porsche, Hyundai, Byd Company Limited(002594) , Volkswagen and other main engine manufacturers have chosen the scheme of 800V motor with flat wire + oil cooling to improve motor efficiency; In addition, the 800V electric control adopts SiC Power semiconductor, Improving the withstand voltage level will reduce the device loss (50% +) and increase the endurance mileage (about 5%). At the level of on-board power supply, DCDC and OBC also need to use SiC power devices to improve the withstand voltage level and reduce the loss; in addition, in order to be compatible with 400V fast charging pile, 800V voltage architecture must be equipped with boost device. At present, there are mainly boost DCDC (such as Porsche taycan) and multiplex electric drive system (such as modern and Byd Company Limited(002594) ) two schemes. (3) Change of charging piles: car enterprises have laid out high-power piles. In 2020m5-2021m5, only 7.6% of China's newly built public charging piles are 180kW and above. China is expected to realize the initial coverage of 2-3c public charging piles in some cities by 2025. The heat dissipation requirements and costs of high-power piles have increased. At present, Tesla, BAIC Jihu, GAC and other car enterprises have laid out 200kW fast charging piles in advance for pre installation It is planned that more main engine plants will independently layout fast filling piles in the future.
Investment suggestions: focus on Byd Company Limited(002594) , Guangzhou Automobile Group Co.Ltd(601238) and Xiaopeng automobile, and focus on ideal automobile, Zhejiang Founder Motor Co.Ltd(002196) and inbor. 1) Ideal car: it is expected to build an overcharge ecological chain covering high rate batteries, high-voltage platform, thermal management system and high-power charging network. 2) Xiaopeng automobile: it is expected to build a super energy supplement system covering vehicle end, pile end and station end. 3) Zhejiang Founder Motor Co.Ltd(002196) : the production capacity of flat wire motor is expected to accelerate the expansion. The 800V motor project has been designated by a new force and is expected to be mass produced in 2022h2. 4) Inbor: compared with its peers, the volume, weight and cost of drive assembly products are 20% +, and customers expand from low-end to medium and high-end; SiC electric control with forward-looking layout has provided samples for Ford and FAW Volkswagen. 4) Byd Company Limited(002594) : e platform 3.0 has 800V high voltage flash charging technology. 5) Guangzhou Automobile Group Co.Ltd(601238) : the super fast charging battery was mass produced and loaded, and the A480 overcharge pile was put on the ground.
Risk tip: the popularity of high-power charging piles is not as expected; The mass production of high-voltage fast charging battery is less than expected; The promotion of new models is less than expected
