Recently, the Beijing municipal government issued the special plan for Beijing Urban Renewal (Beijing urban renewal plan during the 14th Five Year Plan period) (hereinafter referred to as the “plan”), which provides policy guidance for Beijing’s urban renewal in the new era.
It is clear in the plan that Beijing’s urban renewal is mainly the continuous improvement, optimization and adjustment of the urban spatial form and urban functions of the urban built-up areas, strict control of large-scale demolition and construction, strict adherence to the safety bottom line and strict ecological protection. It is a small-scale, gradual and sustainable renewal.
According to the reporter of China business daily, there are about 245 million square meters of renewable buildings in Beijing’s centralized construction area. Relying on the urban spatial structure of “one core, one main and one auxiliary, two axes, multiple points and one area” determined in Beijing’s urban master plan, we will differentiate the layers, clarify the direction of renewal, take the functional core area and urban sub center of the capital as the focus of renewal, and emphasize historical and cultural protection and urban repair.
During the “14th five year plan” period, within the control range of 1371 blocks (3562.5 square kilometers) in the city, Beijing will focus on areas with block implementation rate ≥ 80% and relatively concentrated distribution of renewal resources, and delimit 178 key urban renewal blocks in the near future in combination with more than 600 recent projects to be implemented in the urban renewal action plan.
“Beijing is the first megacity in China to reduce its development. We must break the inertia of traditional incremental development thinking and explore new urban renewal paths.” A research expert from the land survey and Planning Institute told reporters, “Beijing’s urban renewal is the urban renewal of the Millennium ancient capital, the urban renewal under the background of reduction, the urban renewal to implement the strategic positioning of the capital city in the new era and the urban renewal to meet the people’s needs for a better life.”
clarify the renewal direction and delimit key blocks
Through urban renewal, Beijing should realize the renewal and transformation of public services, transportation, municipal administration, security and other facilities, improve the urban carrying capacity and crack the “big city disease”; At the same time, we should realize the renewal and transformation of residential buildings such as bungalows, courtyards, old communities, dangerous old buildings and simple buildings, so as to ensure residential safety and improve environmental quality; We should also realize the upgrading and transformation of old buildings and traditional business districts, inefficient industrial parks and old factories, such as “cage for bird”, so as to promote industrial upgrading and stimulate economic vitality.
Under the guidance of implementing the new development concept, new requirements have been put forward for the urban renewal of Beijing. The plan puts forward the renewal objectives in six aspects: ensuring the function of the capital, stimulating economic vitality, improving people’s well-being, strengthening ecological protection, inheriting history and culture and improving governance ability, as well as ten renewal strategies such as “shaping the style of the capital of a big country, improving the quality of government environment” and “scientifically allocating resource elements and leading the optimization of urban functions”.
In the process of urban renewal, Beijing encourages the upgrading of existing resources such as old buildings, traditional business districts, old factories and inefficient industrial parks, speeds up the “cage for bird”, focuses on improving economic density and input-output efficiency, and promotes high-quality industrial development. Establish a resource allocation system focusing on improving quality and efficiency, actively and steadily vacate old production capacity, release stock resources, form new space supply, and create conditions and leave enough space for new kinetic energy Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co.Ltd(300832) development.
In order to cope with the problem of aging, Beijing encouraged exploration in the plan to promote remote pension through urban renewal and space replacement, and optimize the spatial layout of pension service resources. Explore the pension modes of inclusive pension in the new town and small towns in the suburbs of Beijing, build a number of pension facilities with convenient transportation, soothing life, livable and nursing, and the combination of medical care in blocks and communities, support the development of health care towns, better undertake the overflow of pension functions in the central urban area, vacate the living space in the central urban area, and explore the modes of lease replacement and pension replacement to promote the balanced development of employment and housing.
It is understood that there are about 245 million square meters of renewable buildings in Beijing’s centralized construction area. At present, the Beijing urban master plan (20162035) has determined the urban spatial structure of “one core, one main and one auxiliary, two axes, multiple points and one area”. Based on this, Beijing’s urban renewal work is to strengthen the differentiated guidance of sub circles and clarify the direction of renewal.
Among them, the functional core area and urban sub center of the capital will be the focus of Beijing’s urban renewal, emphasizing historical and cultural protection and urban repair.
The stock of renewable buildings in the functional core area of the capital is about 42 million square meters. As a key area of urban renewal, the core area emphasizes protection and renewal, and the renewal land is preferentially used to ensure the construction of the government center and do a good job in the “four services”, improve the central government environment and promote the optimization of environmental quality in key areas.
In addition, the renewal of the core area should also improve the living environment, ensure the balance between work and housing, promote the application for rent withdrawal and protective repair of bungalow areas, give priority to the removal of dangerous and old buildings and simple buildings, promote the comprehensive renovation of old communities, and supplement community public service facilities. Enhance the cultural vitality of old urban areas, promote the transformation of old factories and buildings, improve quality and efficiency, promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional business districts, and realize the harmonious integration of historical and cultural protection and renewal.
The stock of renewable buildings in the urban sub center is about 13 million square meters. The plan proposes that the sub center should use the renewal space to play a demonstration and driving role in relieving non capital functions, strengthen the service guarantee ability of capital functions, take the lead in exploring the implementation path of promoting urban renewal with high standards and high quality, and form the “Beijing experience”.
The urban renewal of the sub center should focus on the three leading functions of administrative office, business service and cultural tourism, strengthen the “cage for bird” and build a sophisticated economic structure. We will deepen the “double repair” of the old urban areas in the sub center, supplement the shortcomings of public service facilities, and establish and improve a fair and inclusive people’s livelihood service system. Increase green space and highlight the urban characteristics of water city integration, blue-green interweaving and cultural inheritance.
explore renewal mode and innovation policy supply
During the 13th Five Year Plan period, Beijing has gradually launched practical actions of urban renewal with rich connotation, promoted protective renewal, functional renewal, guarantee renewal and social renewal, accumulated vivid renewal cases and explored various renewal modes.
For example, implementing the requirement that the old city can no longer be demolished, innovating the implementation methods of protective repair, restorative construction and application for rent refund, Beijing has explored the organic renewal of historical and cultural blocks and traditional bungalow areas.
Adhering to the concept of “one hospital, one policy” and “one household, one design”, Beijing has carried out pilot reconstruction in NanLuoGu lane, brick tower Hutong and other areas; The “symbiotic courtyard” mode of Yuer Hutong in Dongcheng District is explored. Through architectural symbiosis, resident symbiosis and cultural symbiosis, the pattern and mechanism of Hutong quadrangles are retained, aborigines and old neighborhoods are retained, and the lifestyle, community network and historical context of the old city are continued.
Beijing has innovated the protective repair mode of Dashilan bayberry bamboo oblique street. According to the operation mechanism of “government guidance, market operation and public participation” and the implementation strategy of “small-scale, gradual and classified promotion”, Beijing has promoted the community construction and sustainable development of co construction and symbiosis of multiple subjects, and promoted the systematic and organic renewal of historical blocks.
In terms of the low profit sustainable model for the transformation of old residential areas, Beijing has accumulated the experience of the whole life cycle of “investment construction operation property” during the 13th Five Year Plan period.
Jinsong North Community in Chaoyang District introduced social forces to promote the organic renewal mode of the comprehensive transformation of old residential areas, and realized the balance of investment return within a certain period of time through various channels such as residents’ payment, government subsidies and the revitalization and utilization of stock space. The “Jinsong mode” was summarized and formed.
According to the reporter, Beijing has explored and formed a model to drive the overall renewal of the building business district by means of functional business upgrading and public space transformation and upgrading. In the above-mentioned plan issued by the Beijing municipal government, it is mentioned to promote the experience of xinjiegao and promoting the renewal of building fund based on the fund as a platform.
According to a fund investor involved in the renewal and reconstruction of xinjiegao and the project, xinjiegao and old buildings introduce social capital in the form of industrial development fund to participate in urban renewal, promote multi-party cooperation among state-owned enterprises, real estate developers and original operators, form consistent interest demands, jointly promote project development, give full play to the advantages of professional asset management enterprises, and improve rent by improving operation quality, Reduce operating expenses and other ways to improve asset value.
Reviewing the practical actions and experience accumulated in Beijing’s urban renewal during the 13th Five Year Plan period, the challenges are still arduous, but at the same time, it also points out the key and difficult points of innovation for Beijing’s urban renewal in the next stage.
Relying on the urban spatial structure of “one core, one main and one auxiliary, two axes, multiple points and one area”, the plan not only defines the renewal direction at the macro level, but also gives policy guidance on the more micro implementation path and scheme.
For example, next, according to the planning and actual needs, the old factories within the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing and the urban sub center of Beijing will introduce industrial innovation projects to improve the urban functions and supplement the supporting short boards; Old factories in other areas outside Beijing’s Fifth Ring Road focus on creating high-end scientific and technological innovation space and developing high-end manufacturing industry.
According to the reporter, in addition to the above planning, Beijing has formulated and issued a series of policies to provide basis and guidance for urban renewal, and through innovative planning policy tools, strengthen urban renewal planning management and support policy supply, so as to find solutions to the complex and difficult problems encountered in the process of urban renewal in Beijing.
In June 2021, Beijing issued the guiding opinions on the implementation of urban renewal action (“1 + 4” series of documents), which innovatively proposed the land use by leasing. The land rent adopts the annual rent system. After the lease expires, the land use procedures can be renewed or handled by agreement. At the same time, the annual rent can be dynamically adjusted in combination with income to alleviate the capital pressure in the early stage of transformation.
“There are many subjects of urban renewal rights and interests, various types and complex contradictions. The existing policies do not support the key issues such as property rights, scale, use and supporting facilities. Therefore, the urban renewal work needs to innovate the top-level design and overall planning.” The above-mentioned research expert of the Institute of land and resources survey and planning said, “Beijing’s urban renewal should be based on a high starting point, learn from the experience of relevant cities outside China, combined with the reality of Beijing, establish a scientific development and moderately advanced urban renewal system in the new era, and explore a high-quality development path consistent with the modern governance of mega cities.”
