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Science and Technology Daily reporter Ma Aiping
According to the calculation, China's industrial factor research center will enter the latest stage of high-speed development in 2025, and the overall development scale is expected to reach 17.49 billion yuan. The circulation of data elements is ushering in an accelerated period. So, what are data elements? How to cultivate data elements? What are the positive factors and constraints of the unified data big market that need to be broken?
Recently, Zhang Guangzhi, member of the smart city working committee of China Society of Surveying and mapping and director of Beijing big data association, said in an interview that the recently officially released opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on accelerating the construction of a national unified market (hereinafter referred to as the opinions) points out a "unified" path for the circulation and application of data as factors of production, which is a programmatic document. To unify the data market, we should first improve the infrastructure from the four levels of law, mechanism, entity and platform. At present, the legal level has been gradually improved, and laws and regulations related to data security and personal privacy have been issued one after another, but they still need to be further refined. In terms of mechanism, power confirmation, pricing and other focus issues need to unify industry standards and implement regulatory responsibilities; At the entity level, we should focus on the integration and cultivation of data and technical elements and strengthen the mutually supportive development mechanism; In terms of platform, we should emphasize security and privacy.
accelerating data flow is of great significance
Experts pointed out that data elements are an economic term. Generally speaking, the data elements formed by big data come not only from personal clothing, food, housing and transportation, medical treatment, social activities and other behavioral activities, but also from the statistics and collection of services provided by platform companies, governments and commercial institutions.
Zhang Guangzhi said that there are three levels of understanding of data, namely resources, assets and capital. At present, the mainstream cognition of data is in the resource stage, and the asset level is still in the exploration stage. For example, Beijing, Shanghai and other places have established data trading platforms, while the capital level still belongs to the early blank field.
At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation with digitization, intelligence and networking as the core are in full swing, and data resources contain great value.
"With the emergence of new technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, Internet of things, cloud computing and blockchain, data has become a new factor of production and the core and important support of traditional economic transformation and scientific and technological iteration." Zhang Guangzhi said that it is of great significance to accelerate the market-oriented circulation of data elements and fully stimulate the inclusive value of data elements.
From the perspective of top-level design, giving full play to the value of data elements has become an important national strategic deployment. In 2019, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee listed data, land, labor, capital, technology and talents as important factors of production for the first time. Security protection and other basic systems, standards and specifications to promote the development and utilization of data resources.
"The opinion emphasizes the unified data market, which shows that the central government has a more systematic top-level design in the data field, and points out a 'unified' path for the circulation and application of data as a factor of production." Zhang Guangzhi said.
get through the "unified" key blocking point
The "unification" of the data market is to break the blocking points of data elements in the circulation process one by one.
In view of the main factors restricting the marketization of data elements, Huang Tianhang, an associate professor of the school of public administration of the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, concluded that the first is "data island", that is, local governments or government departments independently build data centers and lack of sharing mechanism, resulting in repeated construction of data platforms and serious waste of resources; Second, there are "different standards", that is, all regional governments and departments have their own data formats in the process of data collection, cleaning and use, and there is no unified standard, which makes it difficult to share data; The third is "security risk", that is, data sharing may violate citizens' privacy and threaten social security.
Zhang Guangzhi also expressed similar views and highlighted a series of problems derived from the "non-uniformity" of standards.
In recent years, China has successively issued basic laws on data related fields, but these mainly focus on the system design and restriction of data processing behavior and its security, and have not made clear provisions on the ownership of data.
Experts said that under China's current legal framework, it is difficult to clearly define the ownership of data. In the case of clear ownership, the system of "separation of ownership and use right" can be established innovatively, so as to facilitate the smooth participation of data as a factor of production in production and circulation.
Zhang Guangzhi pointed out that there should also be unified standards for a series of problems, such as sharing mechanism, security level, pricing power, data classification, such as further refinement of government data and social data. Accelerate the circulation of data elements and give full play to their value through multi-dimensional "unification". "Unification" does not mean to establish rules and regulations and apply them flexibly within the framework of large norms.
It is noteworthy that China's standards and regulations in the field of data are improving day by day. Zhang Guangzhi, who participated in the preparation of relevant standards, said that in the second half of 2020, the Ministry of industry and information technology successively approved a new batch of communication industry standards, including eight big data industry standards led by China information and Communication Research Institute. At the same time, there are dozens of data related standards under research, covering the whole process categories of big data, such as data processing platform, database, data analysis tools, application solutions, trusted data services, capability maturity model and so on.
