As the world's largest producer and important consumer of household appliances, China is at the peak of household appliances scrapping. According to the elimination rate of more than 20% per year, it is expected that more than 200 million household appliances will be scrapped in China this year. With the increasing demand for the upgrading of old household appliances, the "old for new" sales has become the mainstream.
more than 200 million household appliances will be scrapped this year
the proportion of trade in sales continued to increase
In a home appliance store in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Ms. Li is preparing to buy some new home appliances. She told reporters that her home appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines have been used for more than ten years and belong to extended service. Therefore, the "old for new" activity of this home appliance store attracted her special attention.
According to the data of the national development and Reform Commission, China has more than 2.1 billion household appliances and some household appliances in use were purchased during consumption stimulus activities such as "replacing old household appliances with new ones" and "sending household appliances to the countryside" from 2009 to 2013. According to the safe service life of 8-12 years of household appliances, this part of household appliances is about to or has entered the phase out period .
now China's home appliance industry has changed from incremental market to stock market, and the demand for home appliances is mainly for renewal . Driven by the concept of green consumption, a series of consumption subsidy policies have been issued to expand domestic demand and encourage the "old for new" of household appliances, which has increased the proportion of "old for new" consumption year by year .
household appliance recycling and dismantling enterprises operate at full capacity
but still facing the problem of cost inversion
Because the income from the treatment of waste household appliances is not obvious. Therefore, when the peak period of household appliance scrapping is approaching, although the relevant enterprises engaged in recycling and dismantling are busy, it is difficult to earn money.
At 2 p.m., in a waste household appliance dismantling enterprise located in Shantou, Guangdong Province, after the workers removed the refrigerator compressor, magnetic stripe, baffle, bulb and other accessories, one refrigerator was sent to the dismantling line by the conveyor belt for overall crushing, and finally came out with different raw materials such as plastic and metal. There are eight disassembly lines in the whole factory, including refrigerators, washing machines, televisions and air conditioners.
Mai Weiqiang, general manager of an environmental protection Development Co., Ltd. in Shantou, Guangdong: the company now disassembles 6000 to 8000 units a day, which basically operates at full capacity, but even so, it can not meet the needs of the market. We plan to build a new dismantling base within two years, and the quality of dismantling funds will be expanded from 2.09 million to 3 million.
Even though it is a busy scene, the person in charge of the enterprise is not happy, because the current situation of the whole industry is that the disassembly cost of formal disassembly enterprises is higher than their income, and they still rely on the subsidy of the State Fund . In 2012, the state issued the measures for the administration of the collection and use of waste electrical and electronic products disposal fund, which adopted the principle of extended producer responsibility and subsidized formal dismantling and disposal enterprises by collecting disposal fees from household appliance manufacturers and importers. So far, a total of 109 processing enterprises in five batches have been included in the list of fund subsidy enterprises.
Mai Weiqiang, general manager of an environmental protection Development Co., Ltd. in Shantou, Guangdong: a common problem of dismantling enterprises is that the recovery cost is relatively high, which will lead to the upside down of the sales disassembled by dismantling enterprises. Taking air conditioners as an example, the recovery of a set of air conditioners is 470 yuan, the sales after dismantling is 420 yuan, and there will be an upside down of 50 yuan. Therefore, the state's subsidy for compliant dismantling enterprises is very important.
It is understood that fund subsidy is the key to the profitability of waste household appliance dismantling enterprises . However, the collection standard of "four machines and one brain" fund has been 7 yuan to 13 yuan per unit in 2012. At present, the fund subsidy for disassembly enterprises is 25 yuan to 100 yuan per unit, and the fund revenue and expenditure is seriously unbalanced. At the same time, there is a lag period in the collection of fund subsidies. At present, the fund subsidies are only distributed to the first quarter of 2018. Therefore, although the enterprise makes profits on the book, it does not obtain the corresponding cash flow.
At the same time, the fund subsidies were adjusted in 2016 and 2021 respectively, and the fund subsidies available to enterprises were greatly reduced. For example, the subsidy for CRT TV sets with more than 14 inches and less than 25 inches was reduced from 60 yuan / set to 40 yuan / set; The air conditioner decreased from 130 yuan / set in 2016 to 100 yuan / set, which also brought pressure to the development of relevant enterprises.
Zhang heran, Secretary General of electronic product recycling branch of China Material Recycling Association: their front-end recycling is done in the form of advance, so the financial cost of funds is particularly high. The new fund subsidy standard implemented since April 1 last year has decreased by about 30% compared with that after adjustment in 2016, with the maximum exceeding 30% and the minimum approaching 30%. In this case, the bulk solid waste was at a high operating level last year, and the pressure on enterprises to receive goods at the front end was particularly high. Instead of reducing the front-end receiving price, the current receiving price is higher than that before the subsidy, and the profit of recycling and dismantling enterprises has been reduced by at least one third.
waste household appliances are difficult to be banned despite the great harm of private demolition
The reporter learned in the interview that although the business collaborative ecological model of "old for new" has been initially formed in all links of the household appliance industry, a large number of waste household appliances are still recycled and disassembled by non-standard recycling bins. What is the main reason for this? What is the harm of privately dismantling waste household appliances?
In a random interview with some citizens in Shenzhen, the reporter found that many consumers do not understand the formal household appliance recycling channels and the harm of informal recycling. They often choose informal recycling channels with the psychology of "trying to save trouble".
The difference in recycling prices between formal and informal channels is also a reason why some waste household appliances cannot enter formal channels. Take a 1.5-horse hanging air conditioner as an example. The price on a recycling platform in Jingdong is 95 yuan, and it can often be sold for 300 or 400 yuan through waste recycling.
According to the global e-waste monitoring report 2020, the actual collection and recycling rate of e-waste in China is only 40%. However, in addition to raw materials such as copper, aluminum, steel and plastics, household appliances also widely use accessories such as refrigerants, foaming agents, picture tubes, fluorescent screens and mercury relays. Non-standard recycling of waste household appliances will cause great harm to people and society.
Xu churui, deputy general manager of an environmental protection Development Co., Ltd. in Shantou, Guangdong: take the waste air conditioner as an example, the refrigerant of the waste air conditioner we recycle now is the most harmful to the environment. It is freon, a substance that can destroy the atmospheric ozone layer , which will not be collected and discharged directly by ordinary small workshops.
Recently, the national development and Reform Commission and other departments issued the notice on organizing and carrying out the action of recycling target responsibility system for household appliance manufacturers in 2022, allowing traditional household appliance manufacturers to participate in more household appliance recycling links industry insiders believe that the implementation of the producer recycling target responsibility system is conducive to the implementation of a new recycling system, reduce the possibility of illegal front-end disassembly and reduce environmental risks .
