After hydrogen energy was first written into the government work report at the two sessions in 2019, the top-level design of hydrogen energy was officially launched.
On March 23, the national development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the medium and long term plan for the development of hydrogen energy industry (20212035) (hereinafter referred to as the plan). Affected by this news, on March 23, the A-share hydrogen energy sector ushered in the trading tide, and more than 10 shares such as Hengguang shares, Sunfly Intelligent Technology Co.Ltd(300423) , Changchun Zhiyuan New Energy Equipment Co.Ltd(300985) , Lanzhou Ls Heavy Equipment Co.Ltd(603169) , etc. rose.
divided into three stages
The plan defines three strategic orientations of hydrogen energy. Hydrogen energy is an integral part of the future national energy system; Hydrogen energy industry is a strategic emerging industry and the key development direction of future industry; Hydrogen energy is an important carrier for energy terminal to realize green and low-carbon transformation.
The plan divides the development of hydrogen energy industry into three stages. By 2025, a relatively perfect institutional and policy environment for the development of hydrogen energy industry will be formed, the industrial innovation ability will be significantly improved, the core technology and manufacturing process will be basically mastered, and a relatively complete supply chain and industrial system will be preliminarily established. The number of fuel cell vehicles is about 50000, and a number of hydrogenation stations are deployed. Hydrogen production from renewable energy has reached 1 China Vanke Co.Ltd(000002) 00000 tons / year, which has become an important part of new hydrogen energy consumption and achieved carbon dioxide emission reduction of 1-2 million tons / year.
After another five years of development, by 2030, a relatively complete technological innovation system for hydrogen energy industry and a clean energy hydrogen production and supply system will be formed. The industrial layout will be reasonable and orderly, and hydrogen production from renewable energy will be widely used, which will strongly support the realization of the carbon peak goal.
By 2035, a hydrogen energy industry system will be formed to build a diversified hydrogen energy application ecology covering transportation, energy storage, industry and other fields. The proportion of hydrogen production from renewable energy in terminal energy consumption has increased significantly, which plays an important supporting role in the green transformation and development of energy.
The plan proposes to combine the characteristics of resource endowment and industrial layout, select the technical route of hydrogen production according to local conditions, and gradually promote the construction of a clean, low-carbon and low-cost diversified hydrogen production system. In coking, chlor alkali, propane dehydrogenation and other industrial agglomeration areas, give priority to the use of industrial by-product hydrogen, encourage nearby consumption, and reduce the supply cost of industrial by-product hydrogen. In areas rich in wind, solar and hydropower resources, carry out hydrogen production demonstration from renewable energy, gradually expand the demonstration scale, and explore seasonal energy storage and power grid peak shaving. Promote the research and development of technologies such as hydrogen production by solid oxide electrolytic cell, hydrogen production by photolysis of water, hydrogen production by seawater and hydrogen production by nuclear energy at high temperature. Explore the establishment of hydrogen production bases in areas with large application scale of hydrogen energy.
The plan also mentioned that we should give full play to the guiding role of investment in the central budget and support the development of hydrogen energy related industries. Strengthen financial support, encourage banking financial institutions to support the development of hydrogen energy industry in accordance with the principles of controllable risk and commercial sustainability, and use scientific and technological means to provide accurate and differentiated financial services for high-quality enterprises. Encourage industrial investment funds and venture capital funds to support hydrogen energy innovative enterprises in accordance with the principle of marketization, and promote the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Support qualified hydrogen energy enterprises to register for listing and financing on the science and innovation board, gem, etc.
world’s largest hydrogen producer
In fact, not only national ministries and commissions, but also local governments are making continuous efforts. According to incomplete statistics, as of November last year, 29 provinces and cities including Beijing, Hebei, Sichuan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia had issued policies related to the development of hydrogen energy industry, and more than 48 cities had issued hydrogen energy plans.
China has great potential for hydrogen energy development. As the world’s largest hydrogen producer, China’s annual hydrogen production is about 33 million tons, of which about 12 million tons meet the industrial hydrogen quality standard. In addition, the installed capacity of renewable energy ranks first in the world. The national development and Reform Commission said that at present, there are more than 300 Industrial Enterprises above the scale of China’s hydrogen energy whole industrial chain, which are concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay area, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.
According to the statistics of the international Hydrogen Energy Association, 228 projects have been built, under construction and planned in the global hydrogen energy industry chain in 2021, mainly distributed in Europe, Australia, Asia, the Middle East, Chile and other countries and regions. In terms of geographical distribution, Europe is expected to have the largest share of investment (about 45%), followed by Asia, while China accounts for about 50% of the total investment in Asia, ranking first.
Globally, many countries have introduced the top-level design and strategic route of hydrogen energy Haitong Securities Company Limited(600837) pointed out that 31 countries in the world have put forward hydrogen energy related strategies at the national level, accounting for 73% of the global GDP. Overall, the primary goal of the national hydrogen energy strategies of overseas countries is to decarbonize as soon as possible, and the second is to increase the types of energy. Among them, Australia, Russia, Canada and other countries also have the strategic goal of expanding hydrogen energy exports. In terms of key technical fields, it mainly focuses on reducing hydrogen price, developing hydrogen fuel transportation and industrial decarbonization. It is worth noting that due to differences in resource endowments among countries, there are also differences in the route of developing hydrogen energy.
According to different hydrogen production routes, hydrogen energy is divided into gray hydrogen, blue hydrogen and green hydrogen. Ash hydrogen takes coal, natural gas and other fossil energy as raw materials; Blue hydrogen is made from natural gas by steam methane reforming or autothermal steam reforming; Green hydrogen is made from renewable energy. There is no carbon emission in the hydrogen production process. It is the most ideal form of hydrogen energy utilization.
At the just concluded Beijing Winter Olympic Games, China applied blue hydrogen and green hydrogen on a large scale for the first time. A total of 11 hydrogen production plants in Beijing and its surrounding areas were put into supply guarantee, of which 7 were green hydrogen and 4 were blue hydrogen. During the Winter Olympics, the torch fuel will also be replaced with hydrogen energy. At the same time, more than 1000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be demonstrated and operated, and more than 30 hydrogenation stations will be equipped.
long way to go
How far is hydrogen energy from us?
According to the data of China Automobile Association, in 2021, the production and sales of pure electric vehicles in China were 2.942 million and 2.916 million respectively, while the production and sales data of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles were 1777 and 1586 respectively. Although the year-on-year increase was 48.2% and 34.7%, it was difficult to become a climate.
By the end of 2021, the number of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China was about 8500, which was about 7350 at the end of 2020. In October 2020, under the guidance of the first Department of equipment industry of the Ministry of industry and information technology and led by China Society of automotive engineering, the plan of energy saving and new energy vehicle technology roadmap 2.0 will reach about 100000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and more than 1000 hydrogen refueling stations by 2025. Or aware of the huge gap between the current volume and the expected figure, the plan issued today will reduce the ownership of 100000 vehicles to 50000.
Zhang Xiang, a researcher at the automotive industry innovation research center of Northern University of technology, once told the reporter of international finance, “Hydrogen energy is only a small-scale application in China, and the infrastructure is not perfect. Unlike oil, natural gas and power grid, it has its own pipelines, mature transmission lines and high-voltage lines. The business model of hydrogen energy is also being explored. Now hydrogen energy is mainly provided by industrial by-products, and the price of hydrogen energy in many cities is equivalent to that of gasoline.”
In addition to the difficulties in infrastructure and scale, hydrogen fuel cells also face technical constraints. At present, China’s fuel cell technology still lags behind the international level, Zhang Xiang pointed out, “The gap is mainly reflected in the low energy density. For example, Toyota in Japan and Hyundai in South Korea, fuel cells can be used as passenger cars. Passenger cars have compact layout space and high technical level requirements. However, China’s fuel cells are subject to low energy density and can not be used as passenger cars. They can only be used as commercial vehicles, logistics vehicles and buses. In addition, China’s fuel cells have poor reliability and their service life can not reach the vehicle specification level. Japan and South Korea Its reliability has been verified and is being mass produced. The sales of fuel cell cars such as Toyota and Hyundai have exceeded 10000. “
The plan also mentioned that China’s hydrogen energy industry is still in the early stage of development. Compared with the international advanced level, there are still problems and challenges such as weak industrial innovation ability, low level of technical equipment, lagging basic systems supporting industrial development, and further exploration of industrial development form and development path. At the same time, there are signs of blindly following the trend, homogeneous competition and low-level construction in some places.
