Last autumn, Henan suffered from floods caused by torrential rain, and the sowing time of Winter Wheat in many places in Henan was delayed. Whether the grain production in Henan, known as the "granary of the Central Plains", is stable or not is the key to the increase of grain production and income in the whole country. Now is the critical period of wheat growth. What is the growth trend of wheat in the disaster stricken areas?
Henan Wheat
Junxian county was called "Liyang" in ancient times, because many rivers such as Weihe River and Qihe river flow through here, and the land is fertile. Since ancient times, it has been a high-yield area of grain in the Central Plains, with the reputation of "Liyang harvest, gujiuzhou".
In July 2021, a sudden torrential rain hit here. All five flood storage and detention areas in Jun county were put into use, more than 800000 mu of farmland was submerged and many villages were destroyed.
In February 2022, half a year after the flood, when the reporter of China Central Television finance and economics "economic half an hour" came to Jun county again, the wheat field was full of vitality.
Dongfeng Village is a large agricultural village in Xiaohe Town, Jun county. There are 720 households and more than 2900 people in the village, with a cultivated land area of more than 3000 mu. Almost all crops were lost due to the dual impact of flood and wind last year.
According to the Convention, the local winter wheat planting season is from October 8 to 15 every year. But at that time, the water in the farmland was very serious. Although the local government organized all forces to drain water, the sowing time was still late. In the most serious places, it was not sown until early December. It was two months late, and the wheat seedlings in the village were generally weak.
According to the statistics of the Agricultural Department of Jun County, by the end of December 2021, 1.03 million mu of wheat had been sown in the county. Although the sown area was basically the same as that in previous years, 880000 mu of them were late sown wheat, and the weak seedlings accounted for 70%.
Henan: "doctor wheat" is busy strengthening seedlings
In order to promote the transformation and upgrading of seedlings and strive to achieve a good harvest of summer grain, at the beginning of this year, the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas of the people's Republic of China launched the special action of "strengthening seedlings through science and technology". Weihui City organized a small team of "strengthening seedlings through science and technology" and agricultural technicians of regional stations to provide village services through science and technology in various township villages.
During this time, Xu Haibin, head of Liuzhuang regional station of Weihui agricultural and rural Bureau of Henan Province, and 66 other agricultural technicians can be said to be the busiest people, running around the fields all day. Each person manages 5 to 8 administrative villages and is responsible for nearly 10000 mu of farmland. There is only one task, which is to guide "strong seedlings".
Xu Haibin, head of Liuzhuang regional station of Weihui agricultural and rural Bureau of Henan Province
In November, December last year and January this year, the overall temperature in Weihui City was higher than that in previous years, the light was suitable, and the late sowing of weak seedlings transformed into good faster. In fact, the overall seedling situation was much better than expected. At present, wheat is about to enter the three key growth periods of rejuvenation, jointing and filling, and we can't relax at all.
Xu Haibin found sheath blight and stem base rot, which are high incidence of local wheat. Because after the land is flooded for a long time, the beneficial elements such as nitrogen and potassium in the soil are easy to lose, and the bacteria in the land increase instead, so it is particularly important to increase soil fertility. To this end, the Agricultural Department of Weihui City subsidized 11 kilograms of chemical fertilizer per mu of wheat and increased the training of planting technology.
It is not only Xu Haibin who competes against time to strengthen the seedlings, but also Xiaohe village, Dongfeng Town, Hebi Jun county has welcomed the guidance of experts. The seedling situation of wheat is getting better day by day.
Through the special action of "strengthening seedlings through science and technology" of winter wheat, as of March 15, the first-class seedlings in Jun county increased from 300000 Mu before overwintering to 400000 mu, the second-class seedlings increased from 450000 Mu to 500000 mu, and the third-class seedlings decreased from 280000 Mu to 130000 mu. The action of "strengthening seedlings through science and technology" has achieved remarkable results.
After visiting and investigating many places in Henan, the reporter found that in the process of wheat suppression, fertilization, pesticide spraying and irrigation, the use of large machinery is faster replacing the traditional cultivation mode facing loess and back to the sky. The use of UAV spraying, autonomous irrigation and large sprinkler has greatly improved the efficiency of seedling strengthening action.
In wangmiaozhuang village, Junxian County, there are all kinds of agricultural machinery such as self-propelled sprayer, planter and harvester in Xinzhi planting professional cooperative. This year, Liang Xinzhi, the chairman of the cooperative, sowed more than 1000 mu of wheat late, and the seedling situation was also very weak. However, with these mechanical equipment, Liang Xinzhi was confident in stabilizing production and ensuring income.
In mid and late February, the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas organized five research groups to investigate and guide the affected areas in Henan in batches. Through the field visit, the experts are full of confidence in the future wheat seedling situation from weak to strong and summer grain production.
According to the statistics of Weihui agricultural department, as of March 15, the first-class seedlings in Weihui increased from 50000 Mu before overwintering to 340000 mu, the second-class seedlings increased from 100000 Mu to 145000 mu, and the third-class seedlings decreased from 350000 Mu to 15000 mu. In more than three months, the special action of "strengthening seedlings through science and technology" of winter wheat carried out by Weihui City has achieved remarkable results.
In order to alleviate the worries of Grain Growers, Weihui City also included wheat, corn and other staple grains into the scope of unified insurance, and added a safety lock to ensure and stabilize grain production this year. They bought insurance for wheat. The insured amount of wheat is 1000 yuan per mu and that of corn is 950 yuan per mu.
[half an hour observation]: build a "granary" in multiple ways
According to the data of the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas, the total wheat production in Henan Province last year was 76.06 billion kg, accounting for 27.8% of the total wheat production in China. It can be said that stabilizing the wheat production in Henan basically stabilizes the basic sector of grain production. In the reporter's investigation, we can see that in order to strengthen seedlings, from the central to local, from the field to the field, from agricultural technicians to planters, they are racing against time. At present, the seedling situation in many places in Henan is changing from weak to strong. At the same time, in order to cope with the rising price of agricultural materials market and ensure the reasonable income of grain farmers. Recently, the central government also issued a one-time subsidy of 1.87 billion yuan to grain farmers in Henan Province.
By stabilizing grain with science and technology and supporting the bottom with policies, and stabilizing grain security, the ballast of China's economy, we can firmly put our rice bowl in our own hands. When China's economy responds to various risks and challenges, it naturally has confidence and confidence.
