On February 18, the Ministry of Education held a meeting on the implementation and deployment of major national basic education projects in the 14th five year plan.
This meeting is unusual. The 21st Century Business Herald reporter found that this is not a regular meeting held every year or every five years.
In recent years, the basic, leading and overall strategic position of basic education has been particularly prominent. After the 2018 national education conference, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council successively issued several opinions on deepening the reform and standardized development of preschool education, opinions on deepening the reform of education and teaching and comprehensively improving the quality of compulsory education, and guiding opinions on promoting the reform of education methods of ordinary high schools in the new era. In July 2019, the second national basic education work conference held by the State Council after 2001 was held.
Generally speaking, China has made important achievements in the reform and development of basic education in recent years: the popularization level has been greatly improved and the goal of ensuring compulsory education has been achieved; Continuously strengthen the guarantee of conditions and give priority to the guarantee of basic education; Education management has become increasingly standardized, and the work of "double reduction" has achieved remarkable results; The quality of education has been steadily improved, and the new curriculum and new teaching materials have been thoroughly implemented.
However, we still need to scientifically study and judge the new situation faced by the reform and development of basic education: from the perspective of school stage, preschool education is a prominent weakness; From a regional perspective, rural education is a weak link; In terms of structure, the proportion of citizens' offices is not coordinated enough; From the perspective of reform, the level of informatization is not high enough.
In particular, the "double reduction" started in 2021 has become a new starting point for the reform and development of China's basic education. The shortcomings in the field of basic education need to be developed and improved in all aspects.
Therefore, the meeting deployed four major basic education projects of "three stages and one category" of basic education: high-quality and balanced compulsory education, universal and inclusive preschool education, overall improvement of county high schools, expansion and integration of special education.
vigorously promote the quality and balance of compulsory education
By 2020, 96.8% of county-level units in China have basically achieved balanced development of compulsory education. The popularization of compulsory education has reached the average level of high-income countries in the world.
At present, China is promoting compulsory education from basic balance to high-quality balance. In December 2021, the general office of the Ministry of Education issued the notice on the establishment of high-quality and balanced compulsory education at the county level, which pointed out that after 3-5 years of efforts, a number of counties (cities and districts) will be created in all provinces (regions and cities) to take the lead in realizing the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education, and the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education will be fully realized by 2035.
For this year's key work in this regard, the key points of 2022 work of the Department of basic education of the Ministry of education put forward the following points: issued opinions on building a high-quality and balanced basic public education service system to guide provinces to formulate implementation plans. Promote all localities to earnestly carry out the first creation of high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education at the county level, and hold an experience exchange meeting on high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education. Focus on promoting the balanced allocation of teachers and sharing high-quality educational resources, and develop group school running guidance. We will implement the long-term mechanism of joint control and joint guarantee of school dropout control and insurance, and promote the change of school dropout control and insurance from dynamic clearing to normal clearing.
At the meeting on February 18, Huai Jinpeng, Secretary of the Party group and Minister of the Ministry of education, pointed out that further improve the teaching, living and cultural conditions of rural schools, narrow the quality gap between urban and rural schools in the county, improve the operation mechanism of group school running and school district management, implement the digital strategic action of basic education, and create an online learning space for China's high-quality educational resources, Promote the open sharing of high-quality educational resources.
More efforts are needed to shorten the gap between urban and rural areas. The outline of the 14th five year plan proposes to build, reconstruct and expand more than 4000 primary and secondary schools, focusing on counties with weak educational foundation and population inflow areas.
Hardware construction requires real investment. For example, from 2019 to 2020, Yunnan province implemented the "capacity improvement project", with a total investment of 7.5 billion yuan, including 2.5 billion yuan from local finance. In recent years, the two projects of comprehensive thinning, thinning and capacity improvement in Shanxi Province involve nearly 11500 schools, with a cumulative investment of 12 billion yuan.
In terms of high-quality and balanced development between urban and rural areas, it is necessary to make forward-looking planning for urban and rural population mobility. In cities and towns, we should increase the supply of urban degrees and eliminate the large class size of urban primary and secondary schools; In rural areas, we should retain and build a number of small and beautiful, small and excellent rural small-scale schools.
After the improvement of hardware conditions such as school buildings, playground, facilities and equipment, we should pay attention to the information construction of compulsory education. The key points of 2022 work of the Department of basic education of the Ministry of education pointed out that the implementation of the digital strategy of basic education. Integrate and build a comprehensive management service platform for basic education, optimize the primary and secondary school student status management information system, upgrade and build a national primary and secondary school network cloud platform, further enrich digital high-quality education and teaching resources, expand service functions, and promote the normal application of schools around the country.
vigorously promote universal and inclusive preschool education
In December 2021, the action plan for the development and improvement of pre-school education in the 14th five year plan issued by the Ministry of education and other nine departments proposed that by 2025, the gross enrollment rate in the three-year pre-school will reach more than 90%, the coverage rate of inclusive kindergartens will reach more than 85%, and the proportion of children in public kindergartens will reach more than 50%.
The outline of the 14th five year plan proposes to build, reconstruct and expand 20000 kindergartens and add more than 4 million inclusive degrees, focusing on areas with concentrated population inflow, rural areas and "three districts and three prefectures".
At the meeting on February 18, Huai Jinpeng pointed out that consolidate the foundation of universal and inclusive preschool education, strengthen the construction of preschool education teachers, improve the guarantee mechanism of inclusive preschool education, improve the cost sharing mechanism, and effectively protect the treatment of teachers.
A rural preschool educator told the 21st Century Business Herald, "The weakness of universal preschool education lies in rural areas. Some rural areas lack kindergartens, and some rural children do not receive three years of preschool education and may only go to kindergartens for one year. Therefore, we need to popularize inclusive Rural Kindergartens in a flexible way as soon as possible, such as using rural primary schools and idle houses of village committees, recruiting rural volunteers and enriching teachers."
Under the strong financial subsidies, the problem of "expensive admission" has been effectively alleviated. Next, the action plan for improving the development of preschool education in the 14th five year plan proposes that all provinces (regions and cities) dynamically adjust the charging standard of public kindergartens and the maximum charging limit of inclusive private kindergartens by comprehensively considering the level of economic development, the affordability of the masses and the cost of running kindergartens.
However, we should resolutely curb the excessive charging and excessive profit seeking behavior of private parks. Jiangsu Province stipulates that the income proportion of non-profit and for-profit parks shall not exceed 5% and 15% of the cost respectively.
The basis of ensuring the treatment of kindergarten teachers in public parks is the establishment of. In the past five years, more than 10000 teachers have been added in Jiangsu Province. By 2020, there were 53700 teachers in public parks in Jiangxi Province, an increase of 40000 over 2015. At present, it is still difficult for teachers in private parks to obtain staffing, but the salary income of corresponding teaching staff should be reasonably determined with reference to the salary income level of teaching staff in public parks. In addition, all kindergarten staff should be included in the social security system according to law.
Vigorously promote the overall improvement of County High Schools
In December 2021, the action plan for the development and improvement of county ordinary high schools issued by the Ministry of education and other nine departments proposed that by 2025, the overall school running level of the county will be significantly improved, the enrollment of ordinary high schools run by citizens will be comprehensively standardized, and the loss of students in the county will be fundamentally reversed.
At the above-mentioned meeting, Huai Jinpeng pointed out that strengthen the governance of the source, strengthen the overall planning of provincial enrollment, strictly implement the policies of the same enrollment of citizens and territorial enrollment, resolutely curb the loss of high-quality students in the county, strive to strengthen the muscles and bones, vigorously implement the standardization construction project in the county, and actively organize the trusteeship and assistance in the county while improving the basic school running conditions in the county, Promote the overall improvement of the school running level in the county.
Recently, Hengshui No. 1 middle school was renamed Hengshui Taihua middle school, which was completely decoupled from the public high school Hengshui middle school. The two realized the separation of citizens, independent management, independent enrollment and independent teaching. "Hengshui No. 1 middle school" has become history.
Zhang Zhiyong, executive director of the China Education Policy Research Institute of Beijing Normal University, recently wrote in China Education Daily that the "Hengshui Department" high schools represented by Hengshui middle school and Hengshui No. 1 middle school have interfered with the normal education order to a certain extent by competing for high-quality students in the whole province and even the whole country, It has had an adverse impact on the educational ecology. Hengshui municipal Party committee and Hengshui municipal government face the problem directly, start with standardizing the legal relationship between Hengshui middle school and Hengshui No. 1 middle school, standardize the school running and management system of the two schools, straighten out the school running relationship between them, and implement the major educational decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council with the practical action of "blade inward".
At present, some localities have taken strong measures. Some counties and districts, such as Xinzheng City, Henan Province, have explored the reform of the enrollment system of ordinary high schools with "equal distribution of students", and realized the balanced distribution of the quality of students. Hainan Province proposes to fully realize the same enrollment of citizens and territorial enrollment by 2024.
During the "14th five year plan" period, the county middle school trusteeship and assistance project will be implemented. The Ministry of education will trust 100 county middle schools in 100 counties relying on the subordinate colleges and universities holding affiliated middle schools. Each high-quality ordinary high school at the prefecture and municipal level shall host and assist at least one weak county.
In recent years, Hainan Province has introduced famous universities such as Tsinghua University, Beijing Normal University and Nankai University to host a total of 15 "new county middle schools" or "old county middle schools" in the county. The first batch of Wanning Affiliated Middle School of Beijing Normal University and Lingshui Affiliated Middle School of Central People's University have attracted more than 5000 students to study back from Haikou and Sanya, accounting for about 20% of the number of local students.
In helping counties, we should not follow the old path of exam oriented education, but promote the development of diverse characteristics. "Due to the small number of ordinary high schools in the county, there are views on how to develop with diversified characteristics. It is proposed to determine a larger scope, so that the differentiated schools in the county within this scope can promote the diversified and characteristic development." Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences, said.
"In the future high school entrance examination reform, when ordinary high schools recruit students, they should make a two-way choice according to the students' interests and specialties and the characteristics of the enrollment school, rather than a one-way choice only according to the high and low results of the high school entrance examination." Chu Zhaohui told the 21st Century Business Herald reporter.
vigorously promote the expansion and integration of special education
In January 2022, the action plan for the development and improvement of special education in the 14th five year plan issued by the Ministry of education and other seven departments proposed that by 2025, the enrollment rate of compulsory education for school-age disabled children will reach 97%, and general education, vocational education, medical rehabilitation, information technology and special education will be further integrated.
Beijing stipulates that, under the same conditions, priority should be given to ensuring that children and adolescents with disabilities can enter school nearby. The nearby enrollment rate in the city has stabilized at more than 99%, realizing high-quality zero rejection and full coverage. All counties with a population of more than 200000 in Hebei Province have built special education schools.
Huai Jinpeng pointed out that accelerate the improvement of the special education system, actively develop pre-school special education, focus on the development of high school special education focusing on vocational education, promote the integration of general education, vocational education, medical education, health education and science and education, create an integrated education environment, and achieve "follow-up and integration".
The action plan for the development and improvement of special education in the 14th five year plan proposes to promote the integration of vocational education and special education. Support the Vocational Education Department (class) of special education schools and the special education department (class) of vocational schools to set up majors that meet the learning characteristics and market needs of disabled students, actively explore the establishment of majors for disabled students with intellectual disabilities, multiple disabilities and autism, simultaneously promote the rehabilitation and vocational skills improvement of disabled students, so that disabled students can have a skill and lay a foundation for employment and entrepreneurship in the future.
After years of continuous efforts, the popularization level of basic education has been greatly improved. At the above-mentioned meeting, Huai Jinpeng pointed out that we should adhere to education from the political point of view, education from the people's livelihood, education from the law, run basic education that best represents the future with plans related to the future, and let the educational efficiency help every student have a chance to shine in life.
