Over the years, in northern China with central heating, “under supply” and “over supply” have often occurred, and “opening windows on the top floor and wearing coats on the bottom floor” are also common. However, this situation is quietly changing.
The reporter of “Xinhua viewpoint” recently investigated in Beijing, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi and other places and found that in recent years, intelligent heating, which transforms the traditional heat supply network through information technology, is ushering in a period of accelerated development.
Niu Xiaohua, Executive Deputy Secretary General of China Urban Heating Association, said that China’s current heating has not been fully commercialized. In the future, the mode of “heating on time” should be changed to “heating on demand”, so as to realize the intelligent operation heating mode focusing on Residents’ terminal regulation, so that Lbx Pharmacy Chain Joint Stock Company(603883) can take heat and heat comfortably at any time according to needs, Promote the industry to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization as soon as possible.
She believes that this is a “huge change” for the heating industry.
intelligent speed-up of multi site central heating, efficiency improvement and cost reduction
Assuming that it can be seen from above, there is a crisscross and large-scale heating pipeline network underground in cities in northern China. In the middle of winter, these pipelines continuously transmit heat energy to thousands of households. Previously, these pipelines relied on manual control, and sometimes the heating supply was unstable and the temperature was uneven. In some buildings, people living on the top floor are so hot that they have to open windows. People living on the bottom floor also need to wear cotton padded jackets at home. Insiders said that the hydraulic imbalance of the national heating system exceeded 30%.
In recent years, with the increase of residents’ demand for heat and the continuous expansion of national heating scale, the problems of insufficient heat source, uneven temperature and high energy consumption of traditional heating mode have become more and more prominent. Reporters found that many cities are trying smart heating. The new heating mode combined with information technology and traditional heating network makes it more possible to improve user experience, improve enterprise efficiency and realize energy conservation and emission reduction.
Dingxiu Jinshi home, located in Jinqiao East Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, is the first batch of intelligent heating pilot communities of Beijing Thermal Power Group. In the past, at the beginning of the heating season, a large number of workers were required to manually adjust the valves and control the heat inflow of each building according to experience, which was not only slow but often inaccurate, and required repeated debugging.
After the pilot, the community will install electric control valves in each unit and install room temperature collectors in residents’ homes. The artificial intelligence heating network control system collects the user’s room temperature data, forecasts the required heat in combination with the weather forecast, and issues instructions through the monitoring platform to scientifically distribute the heat of each unit.
After the transformation, residents found that the temperature at home can be adjusted automatically according to needs. According to statistics, before the transformation, 11.3% of the users had room temperature lower than 20% and 52.1% had room temperature higher than 24% in the heating season; In the first year after the transformation, 90% of users with temperatures between 20 and 24. In addition, the complaint rate was reduced by 30% year-on-year, the cost was reduced by 290000 yuan, and the peak load of thermal power station was reduced by 17.54%. Resident Zhang Yanling said: “it’s much more comfortable at home. It can save about three or four hundred yuan a year.”
In Hebei Province, the intellectualization of primary pipe network from heat source to heat exchange station has reached more than 90%. At present, we are accelerating the exploration of intelligent construction of secondary pipe network from heat exchange station to users. “The intelligent construction of secondary pipe network is an important way to achieve the goal of ‘double carbon’.” Xu Jingjie, a first-class researcher of Hebei gas and heat service center, said.
Li Yue, deputy general manager of Hebei Tangshan Caofeidian Thermal Power Co., Ltd., said that compared with before using the smart heating system, Caofeidian industrial zone can save 37.5 million yuan of heating cost, 113000 tons of carbon dioxide emission, 915 tons of sulfur dioxide emission and 458 tons of smoke and dust emission every year.
In Shanxi, the heating range of zaojianliang thermal power station of Taiyuan thermal power group Taigu branch involves 896 households in two communities. Station master Su Chengfei can check the situation of the thermal power station at any time through the mobile app, and the data such as water supply temperature, return water temperature, pressure value, heat and flow can be seen at a glance.
“It turns out that every heat station should be on duty. If there are three shifts, there should be at least three people every day. There are more than 5000 people in more than 1800 heat stations.” Shi Guanghui, director of the general dispatching office of Taiyuan thermal power group, said that now there are more than 80% of the unattended stations in the city.
residents’ requirements for heating have changed from “available at that time” to “not easy to use”
Ms. Shen, a resident of the old mining department community in Wanbailin District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, said that a few years ago, the heating at home was always cold and warm. Coupled with the old and leaking pipe network, it brought a lot of trouble. After installing smart devices, the temperature at home is balanced and comfortable, and can be maintained at about 22.
Some “office workers” in Beijing expect to use heat more flexibly – there is no one at home during working hours during the day, and the temperature can be lowered. The central air conditioning in office buildings is usually very hot. If only each room could adjust the temperature.
Mr. Zhao, a resident who lives in Shenyang, told reporters that the requirement for heating in the past was “there will be it then”, but now it has become “not easy to use”.
In addition, the hard constraint influence of carbon peak carbon neutralization goal is becoming stronger and stronger, and the low-carbon green transformation of energy structure and digital intelligent innovation of technology are continuously strengthened. In contrast, the weakness of traditional central heating mode with high delay, strong coupling and multiple constraints is very prominent.
Yin Bo, the relevant person in charge of the heating Office of Beijing Urban Management Commission, introduced that central heating is a regulation method based on supply and demand. Due to the different building envelope, end heating form, transmission and distribution pipeline length, when the heat is distributed through the thermal system, it is easy to lead to hydraulic imbalance and thermal imbalance, and it is difficult to realize the balanced distribution of heat on demand by manual adjustment.
Li Yue said that in order to ensure the heating effect of some users, heating companies often use the way of increasing the heating capacity as a whole to meet the needs of all users, resulting in a huge waste of overall heat energy and increasing environmental pressure.
According to Li Yue, according to the calculation of the actual heating parameters in North China, each increase of 1 will cause a waste of 3.7% of heat energy, equivalent to a national waste of about 160 million tons of standard coal, with an additional emission of 397 million tons of carbon dioxide, 03 million tons of sulfur dioxide and 016 million tons of smoke and dust.
Beijing Thermal Power Group has launched a three-year action plan for intelligent transformation of heating system. In practical work, the work will be promoted from three aspects: rapid manual balance based on intelligent algorithm, automatic control of thermal station based on hydraulic balance of secondary system and accurate regulation combined with room temperature.
save difficulties such as scientific and technological innovation and transformation of old residential areas
Experts pointed out that the intellectualization of central heating pipe network is a systematic project involving scientific and technological innovation, transformation of old residential areas and other fields. At present, there are some common difficulties in exploration.
The high transformation cost is a major restrictive factor. Due to the public welfare attribute of heating, the heating charge price is still the government guided pricing. With the continuous rise of energy prices and labor costs such as coal, gas, electricity and water, enterprises bear great operating pressure, and the power of large-scale investment in intelligent transformation is insufficient. In some places, the cost inversion leads to the inability of heating enterprises to carry out the intelligent construction of secondary pipe network from heat exchange stations to users.
Industry insiders also said that in areas with a high proportion of old residential areas, the thermal insulation of building envelope is poor, and the heating pipeline in the building has been used for more than 25 years, which needs to be updated. It is necessary to continue to promote the transformation of building energy conservation and heating infrastructure.
Zhao Wenlan, deputy general manager of Shanxi Shuozhou renewable energy heating Co., Ltd., introduced that in addition to limited capital investment, the quality of various intelligent heating facilities is uneven. The selection needs a lot of comparison and long-time experiments to meet the local reality, and there are few talents for the operation and upgrading of intelligent heating platform.
Shen Pengfei, a technician in the general dispatching room of Taiyuan thermal power group, said that the terminal thermometer equipment is currently installed in more than 10000 households, and the user cooperation is not high. Some users put the thermometer in the window or even outside the door, and the temperature measurement is inaccurate. “In the next step, we hope to cooperate with communication companies and big data departments to cooperate or add more practical functions and services, so as to get back the data smoothly.”
In the view of the relevant person in charge of Tangshan Caofeidian Thermal Power Co., Ltd., the relevant departments should strengthen the top-level design, speed up the formulation of relevant standards and specifications, and form a unified system. At the same time, it is necessary to promote the scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading of the heating industry in combination with the heating system reform and heating legislation.
Industry insiders believe that the heating equipment in some areas is approaching the period of centralized renewal, so we should seize this opportunity to speed up the smart heating work. The government can set up special funds to share the cost of thermal enterprises and continue to promote the reform of heating measurement and charging and the marketization of heat price. In addition to pursuing comfort, residents should also improve the concept of green heating.
Du Wenzhi, general manager of Shijiazhuang Xijiao heating Co., Ltd., suggested that the heating intelligent control system should be included in the supporting construction scope of new houses, and the heating enterprises should be responsible for the acceptance, so as to reduce the secondary investment cost of heating enterprises. At the same time, support heating enterprises to accelerate the intelligent transformation of heating facilities in existing buildings such as old residential areas. Formulate a comfortable temperature range for central heating, standardize residents’ heat use behavior, realize self-regulation of temperature and reduce energy consumption.
