On the Bank of the dragon and Phoenix River in May, the breeze is blowing. Spring breeze with moisture nourishes the newly unearthed rice seedlings. These rice seedlings grow in the field, deep down the roots, the stems try to arch out of the ground, and the leaves spread wantonly into the air. Small stations in Tianjin have a long history of rice planting. The once unrestrained chant of scratching seedlings shouted that it was extremely hard in the transplanting season. Now, a "new play" of rice planting, which omits seedling raising, seedling pulling and transplanting and directly uses mechanized equipment for direct seeding, is being staged in the land of Jingu.
Not long ago, in the demonstration base of new rice varieties of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences in chengshang village, Huangzhuang street, Wuqing District, Tianjin, the planter was running back and forth in the farmland, sowing rice seeds in the field like planting wheat. This is the small station rice planted by mechanical direct seeding just demonstrated and promoted by Jinmen experts.
The lower tip of Jiuhe river has injected into the land of Jingu, creating the unique flavor of Centennial Xiaozhan rice. However, Tianjin has always been a regional water shortage city. The direct seeding technology of rice that can effectively save water has been the research direction of agricultural experts for many years. "Many foreign countries, including China's Xinjiang, Ningxia, Jiangsu and other regions, are now promoting direct seeding of rice." Recently, researcher Wang Shengjun, deputy director of Crop Research Institute of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, is leading the team to carry out data statistics and technical guidance for direct seeding demonstration planting of rice in the new variety demonstration base. "The demonstration of rice direct seeding in Tianjin is to carry out supply side reform to make Chinese rice bowls loaded with more Tianjin grain." Wang Shengjun calculated a detailed account. There was no need to raise seedlings for direct seeding of rice, and the seedling raising fee was saved by 70 yuan per mu; There is no need to pull wasteland, and the water saving per mu is about 300 m3; There is no need to beat pulp and rake the field, saving 30 yuan per mu of land; There is no need for transplanting, and the transplanting fee is saved by 50 yuan per mu. There are many ears of direct seeding rice, and the yield will also increase after scientific management.
How to improve the seedling protection rate, lodging resistance and rice yield, and solve the grass damage more safely and efficiently? The Crop Research Institute of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences has conducted a lot of research on the difficulties of direct seeding of rice, and put forward a complete set of solutions in variety cultivation, scientific management, fine weeding and other aspects, which have been applied to the new variety demonstration base in Wuqing district.
"The new Xiaozhan rice variety Jinjing '518' sown this time is specially developed for direct seeding. Under the dry direct seeding mode, Jinjing '518' has stronger soil germination ability, late sowing and early maturity, which is especially suitable for direct seeding. It can still mature almost at the same time when the sowing date is more than 20 days later than seedling raising and sowing." Su Jingping, the head of the rice science and technology service station of the small station of the new variety demonstration base in Wuqing District, looked at the rice seedlings with good growth and was full of expectations for this year's harvest. "Jinjing '518' has early tillers, more tillers and more panicles, with a yield of more than 700 kg per mu, which is comparable to the high-yield rice varieties of rice transplanting." After direct seeding, the new variety has compact plant type, strong stem, fertilizer resistance, lodging resistance and strong disease resistance.
For the possible planting risks of direct seeding rice in response to extreme weather, the expert team of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences also provided more refined planting service schemes. First of all, Tianjin has a high degree of high standard farmland construction, flat paddy fields and smooth drainage and irrigation, which provide conditions for direct seeding rice planting. Secondly, irrigation is generally only needed once after sowing, which can save a lot of agricultural water. Then, the water slurry management adheres to the principle of "tillering in shallow water, light shelving for many times and intermittent irrigation in the later stage". If the total number of stems and tillers in the field reaches 70% of the expected number of panicles, it can start light shelving (drying). Finally, the fertilizer operation research adopts the principle of "pre promotion, central control and post supplement", and the amount of fertilization is the same as that of transplanted rice. In terms of operation research proportion, adhere to the application in stages, appropriately reduce the basal fertilizer in the early stage, control the tillering fertilizer and fertilizer in the middle stage, and re apply ear grain fertilizer to prevent premature senescence. In terms of precision weeding scheme, the expert group also provided one-time light and simplified weeding technical guidance.
On the premise of stable yield and income, new varieties of small station rice are constantly tested. Wuqing District of Tianjin alone has introduced more than 20 rice varieties from Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, including 11 rice varieties for seedling raising and more than 10 rice varieties suitable for land direct seeding. "Tons of grain rice varieties are the main varieties. This year, seedling raising experts will guide the whole process from seedling raising production to late seedling transplanting management and rice harvest and processing in the base." Ding Zhenshan, chief of the production section of Wuqing District Agricultural Development Service Center, introduced that new varieties and technologies have been demonstrated and popularized throughout the region.
Last year, Wuqing district was approved by the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas to carry out the joint construction of national leading counties for agricultural science and technology modernization, and signed a comprehensive strategic cooperation agreement with Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, one of which is to comprehensively promote the trial planting of small station rice. Gong Ruzhou, Secretary of the Party committee and director of the agricultural and Rural Committee of Wuqing District, said that Wuqing borrowed the agricultural expert think tank to comprehensively promote the introduction and breeding of small station rice and various new varieties of fruits and vegetables in 22 cooperatives in the region, improve product quality and lay a solid foundation for Rural Revitalization and industrial prosperity.
