Overview of artificial intelligence development
Artificial intelligence is an emerging strategic technology leading the future and an important force driving a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial change Xi Jinping general secretary has made important instructions for many times, emphasizing that “we should deeply grasp the characteristics of the development of the new generation of artificial intelligence, strengthen the integration of artificial intelligence and industrial development, and provide new momentum for high-quality development”. In recent years, AI related technologies have continued to evolve, and the process of industrialization and commercialization has been accelerating. It is accelerating the in-depth integration with thousands of industries. Standing at the special node of the beginning of the 14th five year plan, we firmly believe that a comprehensive review of the development trend of AI policies, technologies, applications and governance can help to gather industry consensus and promote the sustainable and healthy development of AI.
(I) the world continues to upgrade its AI strategy and seize important development opportunities
Artificial intelligence has become a key field of scientific and technological innovation and an important pillar in the era of digital economy. Since 2016, more than 40 countries and regions have promoted the development of artificial intelligence to a national strategic level. In the past two years, especially under the impact of covid-19 epidemic, more and more countries have realized that artificial intelligence plays a key role in improving global competitiveness, and have deepened artificial intelligence strategies. The EU has issued the 2030 Digital Guide: European digital decade and the upgrading of the 2020 new industry strategy to comprehensively reshape the global influence of the digital age, in which promoting the development of artificial intelligence is listed as an important work. The United States has successively established the national artificial intelligence initiative office, the national AI research resources working group and other institutions. Various departments have intensively issued a series of policies to raise artificial intelligence to the height of the field of “future industry” and “future technology”, constantly consolidate and enhance the global competitiveness of the United States in the field of artificial intelligence and ensure the status of “leader”. Following the formulation of the comprehensive strategy for scientific and technological innovation 2020, Japan released the “Ai strategy 2021” in June 2021, which is committed to promoting the innovation and creation plan in the field of artificial intelligence and building a digital government in an all-round way. The UK released the national AI new decade strategy in September 2021, which is another important strategy launched after 2016 to reshape the influence in the field of AI. China’s “proposal of the CPC Central Committee on formulating the 14th five year plan for national economic and social development and the outline of long-term goals for 2035” points out that it is necessary to target cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence, implement a number of forward-looking and strategic major scientific and technological projects, and promote the healthy development of digital economy.
Investment in innovation needs in the field of artificial intelligence has been increasing. It has been widely practiced in major economies to promote the development of artificial intelligence through incentive plans and direct investment projects. The EU continues to increase financial support for the artificial intelligence industry and vigorously promote the digital transformation in Europe. The largest R & D and innovation support project in the history of the EU – “Horizon Europe” project has a total investment of 95.5 billion euros, and artificial intelligence is clearly included in the scope of financial support. In April 2021, the EU adopted the “digital Europe plan” in the form of regulations to invest in projects including artificial intelligence, with a total amount of 7.59 billion euros. The United States takes maintaining a leading position as its strategic goal and continues to increase investment in the field of artificial intelligence. The non defense budget of artificial intelligence in the United States increased by about 30% in 2021, reaching a total of $1.5 billion. In addition, in the American innovation and competition act, artificial intelligence and quantum computing are listed as the priorities of the U.S. R & D budget in fiscal year 2022. In the future, a total of US $100 billion will be invested in many fields, including artificial intelligence. The UK takes the investment and planning of artificial intelligence ecosystem as a long-term strategy, launches the national artificial intelligence research and innovation plan, and supports advanced artificial intelligence research. According to statistics, the investment in artificial intelligence between 2014 and 2021 has exceeded £ 2.3 billion.
It has become a consensus of all countries to promote the implementation of artificial intelligence technology through the application of traction. The United States guides the innovation and integrated application of artificial intelligence technology in the industry. In July 2021, the National Science Foundation of the United States, together with many departments and well-known enterprises, established 11 new national artificial intelligence research institutions, covering human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence optimization, dynamic systems, enhanced learning and other directions. The research projects cover many fields such as architecture, medical treatment, biology, geology, electricity, education, energy and so on. The UK supports the industrialization of artificial intelligence and launches the joint plan of the office of artificial intelligence and the UK research and Innovation Agency to ensure that artificial intelligence benefits all industries and regions and promote the wide application of artificial intelligence. Japan focuses on infrastructure construction and AI application, proposes to speed up the construction of relevant infrastructure, focuses on cross industry data transmission platforms and AI related standards, comprehensively promotes the application of AI in various industries such as medical treatment, agriculture, transportation and logistics, smart city and manufacturing, and increases support for small and medium-sized enterprises. The outline of China’s 14th five year plan clearly stipulates that vigorously developing artificial intelligence industry, building artificial intelligence industry clusters and deeply enabling traditional industries have become the focus. In April 2021, the Ministry of industry and information technology supported the establishment of the second batch of national artificial intelligence innovation and application pilot zones in Beijing, Tianjin (Binhai New Area), Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chengdu and other countries, and continuously strengthened the application traction. The Ministry of science and technology supported the construction of a number of artificial intelligence innovation and development pilot zones, and successively approved 15 national new generation artificial intelligence innovation and development pilot zones, including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenzhen and Hangzhou.
(II) artificial intelligence has entered a new stage, and sustainable and healthy development has become the focus
Since the birth of artificial intelligence in 1956, relevant theories and technologies have continued to evolve. It was not until the past decade that AI was able to move from laboratory research to industrial practice on a truly large scale thanks to the breakthrough of algorithms such as deep learning, the continuous improvement of computing power and the continuous accumulation of Beijing Vastdata Technology Co.Ltd(603138) . In the process of industrial development and empowerment, on the one hand, a large number of practice scenes can see the development path from “available” to “easy to use”, which is inseparable from the continuous iteration of technology itself, the continuous optimization of engineering realization, and the support and guarantee of management system. On the other hand, with the exposure of various risks and challenges in the application of artificial intelligence and the deepening of people’s understanding of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence governance has become a highly concerned topic in all walks of life around the world, and the voice for credible security is increasing.
In the future, in addition to paying attention to technological innovation, AI will also pay more attention to engineering practice and credible safety, which also constitutes a new “three-dimensional” development coordinate and leads the AI technology industry to a new stage. In fact, the efforts of the industry in all dimensions have long begun and have never stopped. However, up to now, engineering practice and trusted security have been placed in a more important position. Three dimensional coordinates are not completely independent, but intertwined and supported by each other. The schematic diagram of the evolution along all directions since the current wave of artificial intelligence, outlining the development context under various coordinates.
