As soon as the tomb sweeping day came, the farmer took off. Live up to the spring and seize the agricultural time. Recently, people in the fields are getting busy.
zhumengwo wild seed hope
“Vh76-1, behind here.”
In the Breeding Laboratory of Tianjin high-quality Shenzhen Agricultural Products Group Co.Ltd(000061) development demonstration center, bunches of golden spikes of rice with full grains were placed on the table. Everyone is busy with seed testing and threshing, and then put the seeds of different varieties into the yarn bag in order. In these two days, the yarn bag will be soaked in medicine to prepare for spring sowing.
“This card is the sequence number of sowing to the field this year, including seedling transplanting. There can be no mistake at all.” Yu Fu’an, a rice breeding expert in Xiaozhan, has dealt with rice for nearly 40 years. In 1985, he entered the original seed farm in Tianjin. In the first few years, he was mainly engaged in rice breeding. From the 1980s to the early 1990s, most rice varieties in Tianjin had poor resistance, and diseases and pests were the great enemy of high yield of rice. In 1991, rice planthopper broke out in Tianjin, reducing the yield of hundreds of thousands of mu of rice.
“When I come to these rice growing villages, there is a strong and pungent smell of pesticides around me. Now we don’t worry about eating, but I grew up in the countryside and experienced the hardships of farmers. I want farmers to fight more grain and let everyone eat well.” As the son of a farmer, Yu Fuan knew the importance of an improved seed. At that time, he made up his mind and embarked on the road of scientific breeding.
By chance, Yu Fuan found that the introduced variety yuezhiguang had small ears and poor appearance during the growth period, but there were no insects or diseases in the ears during the harvest period. More importantly, in the process of trial planting, it also brought unexpected joy to everyone.
“Two of the five hundred ears have mutated. One is through artificial hybridization, and the other is natural hybridization.” Yu Fuan told reporters that from the beginning of hybridization, a variety must go through 7 to 8 times of planting and breeding. Only after it is stable and formed can we determine whether its character is good. Each generation of seeds needs a growth season, so it takes at least 8 years to cultivate a variety. In the past eight years, every seed and seedling are full of variables. The probability of successfully cultivating a good variety is one in a million.
Doing breeding is like scouring the sand again and again. Failure is commonplace, with long cycle and large variables. It’s hard to come in a hurry. It’s hard to survive without the ideological preparation of being a cold bench. And Yu Fuan, with a tenacity, just chewed down one hard bone after another.
“The National Day holiday every year is the key period for seed selection. If you miss these seven days, the rice may be broken. The field manager is reluctant to rest all day and enters the field at seven o’clock every morning.” “The water was already very cold at that time, but he really waded out of the water step by step.” Yu Fu’an’s efforts were seen by his colleagues.
In 1999, Yu Fuan’s team bred Jinyuan 28 and soon demonstrated and promoted it in Jinnan District, Ninghe district and Baodi District. The yield is good and insect resistant. Yu Fuan is full of confidence. They didn’t think about it. The rice farmers don’t buy it. “There is a awn on the rice grain, that is, there is a rice needle. When processing, the rice grain can’t go down, blocking the machine, resulting in processing difficulties.” Yu Fu’an made several trips to the processing plant, and spent more than a month turning over the data of the previous eight years page by page, and finally found a breakthrough. After that, he stayed longer in the field, in the shed, and with rice.
In 2001, Yu Fuan’s team successfully cultivated Jinyuan 45, which coincided with the outbreak of stripe leaf blight in the north. This product, which has been sharpened for ten years, stands out with good resistance and has successfully opened up the market. The cold bench became hot. Since then, the series of products of Jinyuan have come out one after another.
Tread on the mud, bow down and guard the field of hope. In recent years, Yu Fuan led the team to cultivate 40 approved varieties, covering more than 80% of the rice area of Tianjin. High quality has become synonymous with Jinyuan series.
“It’s 17 cm. If you follow the standard of transplanting seedlings, the seedlings will be a little too busy.” Every day, Yu Fuan’s team will go to the greenhouse to make data records and observe the growth of different varieties of rice seedlings. At present, the seedlings in this shed have formed three leaves and one core, which is close to the standard of field transplanting.
Last year, the average precipitation in Tianjin was too much, especially in the flood season, which was 86% higher than that in the same period of the year, which had a great impact on the rice yield. During the harvest, some rice still had shriveled grains, and many growers found Yu Fuan. In order to better guide the spring ploughing of growers, Yu Fuan specially opened up this experimental field years ago to simulate the adaptation of different varieties of rice under special weather conditions.
“We should go ahead of farmers’ production. Through our experiments in the past two or three months, it has no impact on the seeds. The emergence of seedlings is normal, the growth is neat, and the density is no different from that over the years.” Over the past few months, Yu Fu’an has also explored some feasible countermeasures. Before spring ploughing, he called large planting households to give us advice. “One is to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer. After more use, it is very easy to fall down in extreme weather. The other is to increase the density of rice transplanting.”
Spring ploughing and preparation, seeds first. Recently, an endless stream of growers have come to Younong center to buy seeds. In these days of each year, Yu Fu’an will make time to talk with the growers about last year’s harvest and ask them to sow this year. “The seeds should be soaked with medicine for 7 days. The gap between the seeds and the water surface is more than 5 cm. The seeds cannot be exposed.”
“When I encounter problems, I call the landline and ask the field commander. I did it according to his method and succeeded. I haven’t said it for years. If I work with him, I can fill my pocket every year.” Liu Shuling, a big grower, has become a big fan of the Jinyuan series since he tried the seeds of Jinyuan 45 in 2001, with an average harvest of 750 kg per mu.
Let farmers collect three or five more buckets and let Lbx Pharmacy Chain Joint Stock Company(603883) eat good rice. Adhering to this simple dream, Yu Fu’an has devoted himself to studying nearly 40 spring, summer, autumn and winter. “Seed is the chip of agriculture and the source of production. The service cycle of a variety in agricultural production is about 5 years, so our breeders should constantly develop new varieties.”
small land big gain
Good seeds will produce a good day for farmers to be rich. More than that, Tianjin’s arable land is limited. Today’s farmers have also used their brains to make scientific use of space and work hard on this mu of land. In Baili vegetable planting base in Ninghe District, Liu Xiaojun, the second generation of farmers, led the team to successfully develop hydroponic vegetables. This is a kind of vegetable that grows on the shelf without soil and grows by drinking nutrient solution.
Early in the morning, the workers in the workshop were busy, packing and loading the harvested vegetables and transporting them to the warehouse of the partner before noon. There are about 7000 orders today, mainly cabbage, oilwheat and Hydroponic Lettuce. After the spring equinox, the weather has obviously warmed up and the market demand for green leafy vegetables has increased. Recently, a lot of orders have been added every day. The workers are too busy. Fu Yang, who was originally responsible for the operation of e-commerce, also rushed to the warehouse to help and paste the printed unified label on the bag.
“What I’m pasting now is hydroponic Italy planted by ourselves. Today, there are 3000 orders, which are ready to be sent to the big warehouse of pinduoduo center in Jinghai at more than 10 o’clock.” After working for more than an hour, Fu Yang never stopped working.
“Those here have just been planted for 5 days, and some have been robbed for more than 10 days. There are two sheds for young seedlings like this, and there are also two sheds for big vegetables.” In the greenhouse of the base, Liu Xiaojun gave a live broadcast to customers in Beijing through mobile phone connection. In early March, customers in Beijing ordered a batch of Hydroponic Lettuce. In the middle of March, there was a snowfall in Tianjin. After receiving the early warning, the staff covered the quilt at the air outlet of the shed and adjusted the temperature in the shed. Although the temperature dropped sharply after the snow, the lettuce in the shed was not greatly affected because of sufficient preparation. In order to reassure customers, Liu Xiaojun incarnated as a reporter and introduced the situation to customers remotely. “This seedling has been 15 days. It will be three or four days late because of the snow in the previous two days, but it will not be too affected. When the temperature is getting higher and higher, it may attack later and catch up again.”
In Baili vegetable planting base, there are more than 50 high-standard greenhouses, all of which are used for hydroponic vegetable planting. Here, order sales are realized. Before planting hydroponic vegetables in each shed, you know where to ship in a month. Among them, Italian lettuce and cream lettuce can be cultivated all year round. Breaking the traditional ground planting method, hydroponic vegetables grow faster. It takes only 30 days from seedling to harvest, and the harvest time is 5 to 8 days faster than that of native vegetables.
“After the cycle is short, it can grow several crops relatively. For soil culture, it may grow two to three crops a year, but we can plant eight to ten crops, and the income can be doubled.” Liu Xiaojun told reporters.
Liu Xiaojun, manager of Tianjin Baili seedling cultivation Co., Ltd., returned to his hometown after graduating from university and has been engaged in facility agriculture for more than ten years. Five years ago, I chatted with a friend who mentioned that she often ate hydroponic salad when she was abroad, but when she returned home, she found it difficult to buy it, which suddenly woke her up. Consult relevant materials, do market research, and do what you say. Soon, the greenhouse was set up, the water circulation system was installed, the seedlings were ready, and everything was ready. It was only the east wind of nutrient solution, which was the key to hydroponic dishes.
“If there are too many elements in the nutrient solution, it can’t be absorbed by vegetables,” Liu Xiaojun gave an example. “Just like when we eat formula milk powder, everyone’s physique is different. If there are too many, there may be problems like this and that.” At that time, China’s hydroponic vegetable market was almost blank. Liu Xiaojun introduced foreign nutrient solution. However, how to make nutrient solution suitable for local cultivation in combination with climate ratio was lack of a model that can be copied, so everything can only be explored.
“When one crop of vegetables came out, it was found that the bottom of the vegetables would be particularly red after removing the roots. There was another crop of vegetables that had been burned before it had grown to more than 20 days. We also encountered that the vegetables tasted particularly bitter during the harvest.” Liu Xiaojun said that in the R & D stage, failure is common. Although now one person is responsible for 10 greenhouses, it is OK to test the greenhouses regularly every day. But at that time, someone needed to observe the changes of vegetables and record data in the greenhouse almost 24 hours a day.
“Sometimes we can’t see anyone for three or four days because we didn’t get up and she left. She hasn’t come back yet after we slept, so there’s basically no time to rest.” Liu Xiaojun goes out early and returns late every day, and his lover Li Bowen sees it in his eyes.
In this way, after more than a year of repeated experiments, Liu Xiaojun and their hydroponic dishes have finally been successfully developed. They taste sweet, crisp and sell well. However, before she could be happy, she made it difficult for her to see where the harvested vegetables were sold. After running the market for more than three months, they only harvested some scattered small orders. If this has been the case, the cost will not be reduced if large-scale cultivation and production cannot be carried out. Liu Xiaojun fed back their difficulties to the agricultural and Rural Committee of Ninghe district.
“Helped the enterprise connect with large supermarkets and network platforms, and brought customers to the base for on-site investigation and visit. The enterprise successfully signed purchase and sales agreements with JD and Wumart.” Li Xueyan, deputy director of Ninghe district agricultural and Rural Committee, said.
Online e-commerce and offline catering stores, with the help of the district agricultural and Rural Committee, the hydroponic dishes of Liu Xiaojun’s team gradually opened the market. In 2020, their hydroponic dish technology was also extended to Hebei Province. Over the years, from layman to new farmer, Liu Xiaojun has also blazed a new path of modern facility agriculture. “Now there are more and more scientific and technological things. I think we should integrate into agriculture, let agriculture also insert high-tech wings, and then let it fly higher and higher.”
In 2021, more than 3.72 million mu of high-standard farmland and more than 200000 mu of facility agriculture were built in Tianjin, which not only radiated and promoted the income increase of surrounding farmers and agricultural efficiency, but also attracted more and more young people like Liu Xiaojun to participate in Rural Revitalization. (Jin Yun news reporter Xue Jing)
