During the spring ploughing season, Li Jinbo was not in a hurry to get on the crops. At present, the protagonists of the land are green manure such as milkvetch and sweet potato. Although he can't sell money, he regards it as a treasure. Nine years ago, Li Jinbo came into contact with organic farms in Germany and immediately yearned for it. From then on, he started the road of ecological cycle: planting grass to feed cattle, returning green manure to the field, making rice wine, feeding rice bran to poultry, and composting feces... He always believed that soil must be raised before planting land. If the soil is fertile, good ecology will naturally give back to you.
Li Jinbo's "Sino German farm" is located at the foot of a beautiful mountain in Chengxie village, Beiyang Town, Huangyan District, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province. How to cultivate soil? He has his own way. That is, through the special subsoiling plough and other tools, the organic matter such as green manure is returned to the field, supplemented by the preparation using cow dung as the matrix, so as to improve the soil structure and nutrition. Every time a guest visits, Li Jinbo often holds up a piece of soil. Smell, healthy soil has fragrance.
At first, Li Jinbo was regarded as an alternative. Later, it was gradually recognized, and the products were also sought after by the market. In the future, this kind of love for soil will become a fashion in Zhejiang. Because recently, five departments, including Zhejiang Provincial Department of agriculture and rural areas and Zhejiang Provincial Department of science and technology, jointly issued documents and officially launched the "soil health action", which is the first time at the national provincial level.
The red line of cultivated land is not only quantitative, but also quantitative. The central government has also emphasized the problem of cultivated land for many times. Zhejiang put forward efficient ecological agriculture as early as 2003. It is the first pilot province of modern ecological circular agriculture in China and the pilot area of agricultural green development. What is the difference between the "health action" launched by Zhejiang for soil this time and the past? What's the point?
keyword 1: regional integration promotion
For how to turn straw into treasure, many places are at a loss. In Yongkang City, there is a whole chain collection, storage and transportation service system. At present, the comprehensive utilization coverage rate of straw in the city is 100%. More than 30000 mu of fruit mulberry crops dominated by grapes produce 3100 tons of waste straw every year, and more than 97% can be effectively utilized. The secret is "straw for fertilizer".
Who will take it? There is a center in Yongkang, which is specially responsible for collection, transportation, Stockpiling and reproduction into organic fertilizer. There are fertilizer changing points at the head of the village. Farmers only need to bring straw and fill in the form to get the same amount of organic fertilizer. For enterprises, the net profit is 100 yuan for each ton of straw recovered and the cost is removed. Thanks to this, the city directly and indirectly promoted 6000 tons of organic fertilizer last year.
Yongkang started with straw, while the neighboring Pujiang County made great efforts in soil acidification and fertilization of newly cultivated land. In Hongshan village, Tanxi Town, there is a demonstration base for rapid soil fertility of newly reclaimed cultivated land. The reporter saw that the optimized combination of humic acid, organic fertilizer, biological fertilizer, soil conditioner and other products is adopted here. Last year, the yield of more than 800 mu of rice reached more than 700 kg per mu.
Such practice can be epitomized in every region of Zhejiang. For the protection of cultivated land quality, since the proposal of efficient ecological agriculture in 2003, Zhejiang has always been tight on this string, and such exploration has become a common practice. By the end of 2020, the average quality grade of cultivated land in Zhejiang will reach 3.7, which is higher than one grade in China. It is worth mentioning that Zhejiang took the lead in carrying out the reform of chemical fertilizer quota system and achieved chemical fertilizer reduction for seven consecutive years.
"However, we should also see that the problems such as shortage of cultivated land, soil acidification, nutrient imbalance and continuous cropping obstacles are still very prominent. At this stage, it is more necessary to integrate and coordinate." Tang Dongshou, deputy director of Zhejiang Provincial Department of agriculture and rural areas, believes that the implementation of "soil health action" is imperative, which is not only another practical innovation for the in-depth implementation of Xi Jinping ecological civilization thought, but also an important carrier for the high-quality development of modern agriculture and promoting common prosperity.
According to the introduction, different from the previous piecemeal solutions for single problems, single industries and single links, this time, Zhejiang emphasizes the overall promotion of regionalization. It will take the lead in selecting a number of pilot counties and cities in 26 mountainous counties and areas with obvious advantages of ecological function areas, carry out the cultivation of healthy soil bases, establish healthy soil bases, and the evaluation and identification methods of healthy ecological areas.
According to Yu Yijun, head of the general station of cultivated land quality and fertilizer management in Zhejiang Province, without the process of green development of agriculture in the early stage, the implementation of "healthy soil" is equal to a tree without roots, but the soil is an ecosystem. In the later stage, when various measures are becoming more and more mature, they must be integrated and promoted in order to get twice the result with half the effort.
The reporter learned that internationally, "healthy soil brings healthy life" has become the mainstream concept. Since the 1990s, the United States and the European Union have begun soil health research. In 2019, the EU action "soil health and food" was launched, proposing that by 2030, at least 75% of the soil in all EU countries will be healthy.
keyword 2: personalized customization
At present, thousands of mu of rape flowers are quite attractive by the Bank of Bugu lake, Tongshan Town, Zhuji City. Among them, there is a piece of land, which is the most popular because the flowers are denser, more neat and more prosperous. What's special about the same fields and varieties? It turned out that this was the first demonstration Party of rape chemical fertilizer quota system in the province.
The owner of this rape field is Wang Quan, the chairman of Zhanfei fruit and vegetable professional cooperative. How to apply chemical fertilizer? Instead of relying on empiricism, he opened the wechat applet, inquired about the fertilization scheme here, and then went to buy formula fertilizer. There are many farmers like Wang Quan in Zhuji.
Zhang Gengmiao, deputy director of Zhuji Agricultural Technology Extension Center, told reporters that in the second half of last year, Zhuji conducted a "physical examination" of the city's farmland, tested 1022 soil samples, and formulated a fertilization scheme for one household, one industry and one party according to the results. "Just as people eat food, they can make up for what the land lacks. The land is more scientific, nutritious and naturally healthier." Zhang Gengmiao said.
The intelligent fertilization platform of "Zhejiang sample application" has become the "golden card" of scientific fertilization in Zhejiang. It has functional modules such as soil and fertilizer information release, fertilization consulting service, main quota query and fertilization account record. Based on planting information and soil fertility differences, it can provide regional targeted field and fan level multi crop fertilization consulting service according to local conditions. At present, the platform has been launched in more than 80% of agriculture related counties and cities, and is expected to achieve full coverage in the province this year.
"The use of digital and big data makes it easy for production subjects to obtain personalized and scientific land cultivation schemes, which plays an important role in healthy soil." Tang Dongshou told reporters that next, it is urgent to build a new soil health management system, and the primary task is "physical examination action".
It is reported that in the monitoring link, Zhejiang will integrate, improve and build a number of national (provincial) level automatic and intelligent comprehensive monitoring stations for cultivated land quality, farmland environment and Shenzhen Agricultural Products Group Co.Ltd(000061) origin environment monitoring. At the same time, it will establish a healthy soil index system guided by high-quality, efficient and green planting of different soil types and suitable crops, study and formulate healthy soil evaluation standards, and plan to evaluate the soil quality A comprehensive physical examination shall be conducted for the health status, and the physical examination results shall be stored in the above figure to realize the "one network check" of soil health.
"It is conceivable that in the future, you can clearly grasp the health status of the land under your feet, the crops suitable for planting, and the best 'nutrition package' through your mobile phone.
Of course, the establishment of a system wide, regional and chain wide digital intelligent control of healthy soil requires a lot of scientific and technological support, but this step is very critical and urgent. " Yu Yijun said.
keyword 3: systematic internal and external training
Just bought a batch of slow-release fertilizer, although the price per ton increased by 1200 yuan compared with last year, Xie Jiandong, chairman of Hangzhou Baoshu grain and oil professional cooperative, still felt it was worth it. In the past six years, since the use of slow-release fertilizer, although the cost is high, the "sweetness" is also obvious: worry and labor-saving. He feels that the soil is getting fatter and fatter.
Fertilizer is only one link. In order to make the soil healthier, Xie Jiandong has a whole set of "combination boxing". In winter, he sows green manure, grows honey plants on the ridges, ploughs and irrigates to kill pupae... Now, he has planted more than 3000 mu of rice himself and will also provide services for the surrounding areas. Last year, Xiaoshan newly cultivated eight professional cooperatives for unified defense and rule services, and also established a UAV flight defense alliance, covering an area of 120000 Mu times.
According to Wei Guoqing, the boss of "Xiaomiao agricultural technology", if the soil wants to be healthy, it must be repaired both inside and outside. His old profession is geological exploration, and he is engaged in seedling raising. Therefore, he pays special attention to the land. The solution is: smart ecology. In the 60 mu greenhouse, the environmental temperature and humidity, soil moisture and other data are collected in one net, which can provide the most suitable water and fertilizer irrigation scheme in real time, just like the ecosystem.
In order to better understand the dynamic changes of cultivated land quality, in 2020, Yuhang District of Hangzhou established a comprehensive monitoring point in manshanhong vegetable and fruit cooperatives. It mainly includes the automatic monitoring function area and the monitoring function area of cultivated land quality and fertilizer improvement test. The soil improvement model is established by using the mastered farmland moisture, soil fertility, fertilizer application and planting environment.
Now, both local departments and production entities pay more and more attention to the soil and deeply realize that this matter can not be careless or urgent. We must work for a long time and make comprehensive measures. In the roadmap of this "healthy soil action", systematic thinking is everywhere.
For example, the treatment of barrier land is aimed at soil acidification and the safe use of contaminated cultivated land; In the process of soil ecological restoration, in addition to formulating and issuing scientific fertilization guidelines for major crops and giving priority to the promotion of green and efficient fertilization technology, it is emphasized to reshape the implementation system of chemical fertilizer reduction and build a mechanism of "professional soil measurement, distribution according to formula, scientific fertilization, quota control and reward and punishment incentive"; The purpose of promoting soil ecological restoration regionally is to integrate various measures.
It is worth mentioning that Zhejiang will continue to improve and protect the quality of cultivated land, promote technologies such as organic fertilizer substitution, grain stabilization and fertilizing, garden interplanting, and promote the upgrading and transformation of green farmland, grain power areas, newly reclaimed cultivated land and "non grain" remediation and fertility restoration. According to the target, by 2025, the pH value of acidified cultivated land in the implementation area will be increased by 0.5 units on average, and the safe utilization rate of polluted cultivated land will be more than 93%; The average quality grade of cultivated land in the province has reached more than 3.6, and high-grade cultivated land accounts for more than 55%.
