Hydrogen energy storage and transportation is the key link of the industrial chain. The hydrogen energy industry chain is divided into three links: hydrogen energy production, hydrogen energy storage and transportation and hydrogen energy application, among which the storage and transportation link is the key to the efficient utilization of hydrogen energy. In terms of cost, the cost of hydrogen storage and transportation accounts for about 30% of the total cost. In terms of technology, to improve the energy density of hydrogen, the International Energy Agency stipulates that the quality standard of hydrogen storage shall reach 5%. Economic efficiency is the future development trend of hydrogen energy storage and transportation. At present, hydrogen energy storage application scenarios include hydrogenation station storage, transport vehicle storage and fuel cell vehicle storage.
The development of hydrogen energy industry brings new development opportunities to the pressure vessel industry. The development of hydrogen energy industry will promote the development and progress of technologies such as hydrogen, ultra-high pressure, ultra-low temperature, filament wound composite materials and multi-layer binding structure equipment in terms of design, manufacturing, inspection and risk assessment, and also promote the transformation and upgrading of pressure vessel industry to high-end, clean, environmental protection and high efficiency.
Hydrogen energy storage technology is mainly high-pressure hydrogen storage. Hydrogen storage methods mainly include gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage. In terms of technology development direction, the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage technology is relatively mature and will be the main hydrogen storage technology in China; Organic liquid hydrogen storage technology has unique safety and transportation convenience, but it still has many technical problems and will have great application prospects in the future; The application of solid-state hydrogen storage in fuel cell vehicles has obvious advantages, but now the technology needs to be broken through, and the development potential is relatively large in the long run. From the perspective of market value, hydrogen energy storage and transportation has broad development space in the future. According to the prediction of the international Hydrogen Energy Commission, the hydrogen energy industry will create a market scale of 2.5 trillion US dollars by 2050.
The technology of high-pressure gas cylinder is gradually mature. High pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is a widely used hydrogen storage method, which mainly realizes the storage and release of hydrogen through high-pressure gas storage bottle. High pressure hydrogen storage bottles are divided into pure steel metal bottles (type I), steel liner filament wound bottles (type II), metal liner filament wound bottles (type III) and plastic liner filament wound bottles There are four types of (type IV). At present, type III bottles are the focus of China’s development. 35MPa and 70MPa have been developed, of which 35MPa has been widely used in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and 70MPa has been popularized. Type IV bottles are in the research and development stage. At present, the cost of hydrogen storage bottles is high, and the cost of carbon fiber accounts for a large proportion. With the mass production of hydrogen storage bottles and the localization of carbon fiber, the manufacturing cost of hydrogen storage bottles has gradually decreased.
Liquid and solid hydrogen storage technology has entered the demonstration stage. The efficiency of liquid and solid hydrogen storage is higher than that of gaseous hydrogen storage, which is the future development direction. At present, low temperature liquid hydrogen storage is mainly used in Changzheng Engineering Co.Ltd(603698) . Organic liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage are still in the research stage or demonstration stage.
Investment suggestion: from the perspective of the law of industrial development, hydrogen storage facilities are the infrastructure of hydrogen energy industry. In the process of industrial development, it is necessary to build moderately ahead of schedule in order to support industrial development; Hydrogen storage and transportation is the key link restricting the development of the industry. The development of hydrogen energy industry brings new opportunities to the pressure vessel industry, and the requirements for materials are becoming higher and higher; The storage and transportation cost accounts for about 30% of the total cost. Economic, efficient and safe storage and transportation technology has become one of the main bottlenecks restricting the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. With the increase of the construction of hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen production stations, the demand for storage tanks will increase steadily, and the barriers of high-pressure and large-capacity storage tanks are high. It is suggested to pay attention to high-pressure hydrogen container manufacturing companies; There is a large demand for vehicle storage tanks. It is recommended to pay attention to companies with type III and type IV hydrogen storage bottle technology; In terms of materials, it is recommended to pay attention to the companies producing steel and carbon fiber for storage tanks.
Risk tips: 1) the price of hydrogen energy is difficult to drop significantly; 2) The cost of fuel cell decreased less than expected; 3) The development of industrial application is less than expected; 4) The development of hydrogen energy storage technology is less than expected.
