The Yangtze River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of water resources recently issued the announcement on water and soil conservation in the Yangtze River Basin (2020). The monitoring results show that the area of soil and water loss in the Yangtze River Basin will be 337000 square kilometers in 2020. This is nearly 200000 square kilometers less than the 531000 square kilometers of soil erosion in the late 1990s.
The reporter learned that soil erosion and its control in the Yangtze River Basin are mainly concentrated in the upper and middle reaches. After treatment, the soil erosion area has not only been effectively curbed, but also turned into a green “cornucopia” and become a green water and green mountain, Jinshan and Yinshan.
Sichuan: the soil erosion area has become a “green, rich and beautiful” ecological area
Naxi District of Luzhou City, located on the Bank of the Yangtze River, is an important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. “In the past, Qingxi river was like a smelly ditch. Soil erosion in Qingxi River Basin was serious.” Jiang Qiwu, director of the Water Affairs Bureau of Naxi District, said that in recent years, the combination of governance and protection of the ecological environment has improved the water ecology and water environment.
From “smelly ditch” to “Qingshui River” and “Huimin River” is the effort of Naxi district to “see the big from the small.” small investment “improves the” big environment “. Taking 30 million yuan of national special fund for soil and water conservation as the prying point, it integrates 720 million yuan of agriculture related funds and social funds, so as to improve the water quality into the river from inferior class V to class III, and reduce 75000 tons of soil loss every year; The “small watershed” has built a “big people’s livelihood”, the environment has improved, tourism has started, and Watershed Governance, land transfer and small water storage projects have been implemented, driving the substantial growth of farmers’ per capita disposable income.
Jingyang District of Deyang City, taking Huaixiang valley small watershed management as a breakthrough, through the comprehensive management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, roads and villages, combines the control of soil erosion with the development of rural industries and the improvement of living environment, draws a picture of Jingyang with the harmony of people and water, and successfully created the “national soil and water conservation demonstration project” in December 2021.
“All parts of Sichuan take the prevention and control of soil erosion as the first step in the construction of ecological civilization, actively carry out small watershed treatment, implement key projects such as slope farmland treatment, improve the ecological environment, drive regional economic development and help rural revitalization.” Gao Bin, director of water and Soil Conservation Department of Sichuan Provincial Department of water resources, said.
Statistics show that during the 13th Five Year Plan period, a total of 24600 square kilometers of water and soil loss were newly controlled in Sichuan Province, and the water and soil loss in the areas with the most serious water and soil loss, such as Jinsha River Basin, Minjiang River Basin and Jialing River Basin, has been continuously improved.
Jiangxi: red soil erosion area turns into a green “cornucopia”
Walking into the garden village in Shangyou County, Ganzhou City, there are beautiful mountains and rivers and clean village appearance. Before 2013, it was still a serious soil erosion area.
What has changed here is the development of the construction of ecologically clean small watersheds. The garden village has explored the way of “three simultaneous treatment” of mountain, water and pollution control, and “five water co construction” of mountain and water conservation, river dredging and water management, industrial water protection, ecological water purification and everyone’s love of water, so as to control poverty and wealth while controlling mountains and rivers. In December 2021, Shangyou County was successfully rated as the “national demonstration county of soil and water conservation”.
In the early 1980s, the area of water and soil loss in Ganzhou accounted for 37% of the city’s mountainous area. After more than 30 years of comprehensive treatment, the area of water and soil loss has decreased from 11187 square kilometers in 1980 to 6949 square kilometers in 2020. Ecological industries such as navel orange and leisure tourism in southern Jiangxi are booming.
In Changshui village, Wuning County, Jiujiang City in the north of Jiangxi Province, through the simultaneous implementation of the measures of “mountain control, water management and pollution control”, the control degree of soil and water loss has reached 95.2% and the forest and grass coverage rate has increased to 96%. The “national water and soil conservation demonstration project” was successfully established in December 2021.
Baoshan Village, De’an County, Jiujiang City, developed the quarrying economy by relying on antimony resources in the early 1980s. However, the industry is booming, but the environment has deteriorated.
Since 2010, Baoshan Village has successively closed factories and mines to repair the mine ecology. Villagers have planted economic forest crops such as oil tea and tea on barren mountains, making them wear “green clothes” again, and the days of villagers who eat ecological meals are booming again.
The dynamic monitoring results of the Ministry of water resources in 2020 show that the area of soil and water loss in Jiangxi Province has decreased from 46200 square kilometers in the late 1980s to 23600 square kilometers in 2020, and the proportion of soil and water loss area in the land area of the province has decreased from 27.65% to 14.14%.
“The comprehensive control of soil erosion in Jiangxi Province has effectively promoted ecological protection and Rural Revitalization.” Hu Jianmin, director of water and Soil Conservation Department of Jiangxi Provincial Department of water resources, said.
Yangtze River Basin: comprehensive control of soil erosion continued
Soil and water loss in the Yangtze River Basin occurs under the joint action of complex geological landform, abundant rainfall and unreasonable human production activities. It has a large amount, a wide range and various types, mainly in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
“After years of comprehensive control of soil and water loss in small watersheds, the trend of soil and water loss in the Yangtze River Basin has taken a historic turn from increase to decrease.” Zhang Guangfu, director of the water and Soil Conservation Bureau of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of water resources, said.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Yangtze River Basin has comprehensively implemented water and soil conservation ecological construction projects such as key water and soil conservation projects, comprehensive control of soil and water loss of sloping farmland, construction of clean small watersheds, control of rocky desertification, returning farmland to forest and grassland, construction of high-standard farmland and comprehensive treatment of mines. The area and intensity of soil and water loss in the Yangtze River Basin have decreased.
The monitoring results show that the forest coverage rate in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has reached 47.8% in 2020. The forest and grass vegetation coverage in key governance areas such as the Jialing River and the middle and lower reaches of the Tuojiang River in the Yangtze River Basin and the Three Gorges Reservoir area has increased by about 30%, and the area of barren mountains and slopes has decreased by 70%.
Ma Jianhua, director of the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of water resources, said that there are still 220000 square kilometers of soil and water loss area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to be treated urgently. With economic and social development, it is urgent for soil and water conservation to meet the needs of high-quality development. The phenomenon of wide range, large amount and serious local soil and water loss in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River also exists, and the work of soil and water conservation has a long way to go.
It is understood that during the 14th Five Year Plan period, the Yangtze River Basin will build a complete water and soil loss prevention and control system by promoting coordinated, comprehensive, systematic and source control, and vigorously promote water and soil conservation in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River to a new level.
