Recently, the State Railway Administration issued the 14th five year plan for railway scientific and technological innovation (hereinafter referred to as the plan), which defines the guiding ideology, basic principles, development objectives and key tasks of China’s railway scientific and technological innovation during the 14th Five Year Plan period. The plan is the first five-year development plan on scientific and technological innovation in China’s railway field. It is of great significance to promote the self-reliance of Railway Science and technology, promote the high-quality development of railway, and support the construction of a powerful country in science and technology and transportation.
The plan points out that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, railway scientific and technological innovation has made historic achievements, the overall technical level has entered the world’s advanced ranks, and some fields have reached the world’s leading level. However, there are also some shortcomings, such as some key core technologies need to be broken through, the strength of scientific and technological innovation needs to be improved, and the innovation mechanism still needs to be improved. During the “14th five year plan” period, based on the new development stage, completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, and promote the high-quality development of railways, which puts forward higher requirements for adhering to the core position of innovation and giving full play to the leading and driving role of scientific and technological innovation. We must adhere to facing the world’s scientific and technological frontier, the main economic battlefield and major national needs Facing people’s life and health, we will continue to Promote Railway Scientific and technological innovation.
The plan specifies that by 2025, the railway’s innovation ability and scientific and technological strength will be further improved, the technical equipment will be more advanced and applicable, the engineering construction technology will continue to be in the lead, the technical level of transportation services will be significantly enhanced, the intelligent railway technology will make a comprehensive breakthrough, the safety assurance technology will be significantly improved, the green and low-carbon technology will be widely used, the innovation system will be more perfect, and the overall technical level will be in the lead in the world, It also puts forward seven main objectives, and looks forward to the long-term objectives of 2035.
The plan puts forward six key tasks of railway scientific and technological innovation in the 14th five year plan. First, in terms of technology and equipment, we will focus on promoting the R & D of higher speed wheel rail technology, strengthen the R & D of advanced carrying equipment technology, strengthen the R & D of modern engineering equipment technology, and speed up the tackling of key core technologies. Second, in terms of engineering construction, we will focus on promoting the application of Integrated Survey and design technology, strengthen the tackling of key problems in engineering construction technology, and deepen the application of engineering disaster prevention and reduction technology. Third, in terms of transportation services, we will focus on promoting technological innovation in passenger transportation services, accelerate the technological upgrading of cargo transportation services, and deepen the research and development of technologies to improve transportation efficiency. Fourth, in terms of intelligent railway, we will focus on promoting the in-depth integration of cutting-edge technologies with the railway field, strengthen the R & D and application of intelligent railway technology, and promote the collaborative sharing of transportation big data. Fifth, in terms of safety assurance, we will focus on deepening the R & D and application of active safety prevention and control system technology, promote the engineering application of equipment and facilities operation and maintenance technology, and improve the level of safety emergency rescue support capacity. Sixth, in terms of green and low-carbon, focus on deepening the research and development of energy efficiency improvement and energy supply technology, strengthen the research and development of ecological environmental protection and restoration technology, and improve the technical level of comprehensive pollution prevention and control.
The plan puts forward five key measures to strengthen the construction of railway scientific and technological innovation system. First, improve the system and mechanism, deeply integrate into the national scientific and technological innovation system, strengthen the dominant position of enterprise innovation, give play to the guiding role of the government, and deepen the integration of innovation chains. Second, strengthen the platform construction, create a number of railway scientific and technological innovation platforms with international advanced level, and promote the establishment of a national railway third-party inspection, testing and certification platform. Third, we should strengthen the cultivation of strategic scientific and technological talents, leading scientific and technological talents, industrial skilled talents, middle-aged, young and reserve scientific and technological talents and the construction of high-level innovation teams in the railway industry. Fourth, optimize the development environment, create an open and fair market environment, and strengthen the integrity management of scientific research. Fifth, expand exchanges and cooperation, deepen intergovernmental Railway Science and technology exchanges, and integrate into the global Railway Science and technology innovation network.
The plan emphasizes the need to strengthen organizational leadership, strengthen communication among departments, decompose key tasks, coordinate industrial resources and forces, and jointly promote the implementation of the plan. Strengthen overall planning and coordination, strengthen the connection and coordination with the state, industry and other modes of transportation, strengthen the integrated development with relevant fields, improve supporting policies and measures, and promote the coordination, connection and mutual promotion of all links of the innovation chain. Strengthen publicity and guidance, publicize and interpret through multiple channels, levels and forms, timely report new progress and achievements of innovation work, and fully mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of all parties. the 14th five year plan for railway scientific and technological innovation
Railway is the backbone of the comprehensive transportation system, an important support for building a modern economic system and a leading field for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. Railway Scientific and technological innovation is an important part of the national scientific and technological innovation system and the first driving force leading railway development. In order to continuously promote railway scientific and technological innovation, promote high-quality railway development, and support the construction of a powerful country in science and technology and transportation, this plan is formulated according to relevant national and industrial plans.
I. Development Foundation
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the railway industry has adhered to the guidance of the thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, carefully studied and implemented the spirit of the important discussion on scientific and technological innovation and important instructions on railway work by the general secretary of the Xi Jinping , deeply implemented the national innovation driven development strategy, and focused on promoting the independent research and industrialized application of key technologies, Railway Scientific and technological innovation has made historic achievements, the overall technical level has entered the world’s advanced ranks, and some fields have reached the world’s leading level, providing all-round scientific and technological support for China’s railway development. The Fuxing China standard EMU with completely independent intellectual property rights and world advanced level has been successfully developed, forming a EMU product pedigree covering different speed levels of 160 ~ 350 km / h. The Beijing Zhangjiakou high-speed railway has realized the commercial operation of automatic driving at 350 km / h for the first time in the world, and the high-speed maglev transportation system at 600 km / h has been successfully offline; Breakthroughs have been made in tackling key technologies of intelligent railway, and version 1.0 of China’s intelligent high-speed railway technology architecture has been released; Systematically master the construction technology of high-speed railway and heavy haul railway with different axle load levels under complex geological and climatic conditions such as plateau, alpine, large rivers and dangerous mountainous areas; Master the intensive and refined technology of high-speed railway operation management and heavy haul railway transportation organization under the condition of complex road network, and build a “Trinity” safety guarantee system of civil air defense, material defense and technical defense; Comprehensive development of railway standardization; Build a railway technology innovation system integrating industry, University, research and application, and cultivate a number of high-level scientific and technological innovation bases, scientific and technological talents and innovation teams; Promote international exchanges and cooperation in Railway Science and technology, and gradually enhance the international influence of China’s railway. However, there are also some shortcomings, mainly as follows: some core technologies such as key basic materials, basic parts and components need to be broken through, higher speed, smarter, more efficient and safe green technologies need to be strengthened, scientific and technological innovation forces such as innovation base and innovative talents need to be improved, and innovation mechanism still needs to be improved.
The 14th Five Year Plan period is the first five-year period to start a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. It is also a key period to accelerate the construction of a strong country in science and technology and transportation. Based on the new development stage, completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern and promote the high-quality development of railway, which puts forward higher requirements for adhering to the core position of innovation and giving full play to the leading and driving role of scientific and technological innovation. Facing the forefront of world science and technology, we should aim to become the demand proponent, innovation organizer, technology supplier and market applicator of original innovation and core technology in the development of world railway science and technology, strengthen basic research, accelerate the deep integration of new generation information technology with railways, seize the commanding height of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial reform, and maintain the leading advantage of China’s Railway Science and technology innovation, Enhance international voice and influence. Facing the main economic battlefield, we should promote the close combination of railway scientific and technological innovation and economic development, strengthen the scientific and technological breakthrough in key fields and the transformation and application of achievements, improve transportation quality and efficiency, promote the transformation of railway development mode and the optimization and upgrading of industrial chain, promote the integrated development of digital economy and real economy, and be a pioneer in China’s modernization. Facing major national needs, we should adhere to the guidance of national needs and focus on major projects, and promote the implementation of major national strategies in the railway field, such as strategic high-tech, equipment and system integration, serving regional coordinated development, carbon peak and carbon neutralization. Facing the people’s life and health, we should adhere to the people first and life first, strengthen technological innovation in railway transportation services, safety and green, improve the quality of transportation services and safety guarantee ability, create a clean and beautiful ecological environment, and better meet the people’s needs for a better life.
II. General requirements
（1） Guiding ideology
Guided by the Xi Jinping thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress and all previous plenary sessions of the 19th CPC National Congress, based on the new development stage, fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, take promoting high-quality railway development as the theme and building a railway to the satisfaction of the people as the fundamental purpose, In the direction of realizing high-level self-reliance and self-improvement of Railway Science and technology, adhere to the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, focus on key areas and key links of railway, strive to enhance the ability of railway scientific and technological innovation, strive to improve the railway scientific and technological innovation system, strive to optimize the railway scientific and technological innovation status, strive to improve the level of railway scientific and technological innovation, so as to build a safe, convenient, efficient, green An intelligent and economical modern railway will provide strong support for accelerating the construction of a powerful country in science and technology and transportation.
（2） Basic principles
Goal oriented, demand driven. Focusing on the goal of building a strong country in science and technology and transportation, based on serving the national strategy and the people’s new expectations for a better life, promote the application and development of new theories, new technologies, new materials, new processes and new equipment in railways, accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological innovation achievements, and strengthen the supply of high-quality science and technology.
Independent innovation and key breakthroughs. Highlight the leading advantages of railway independent innovation, strengthen basic theoretical research and application basic research, pay attention to key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies and modern engineering technology innovation, focus on the short board of key core technologies such as chips, basic materials and basic parts, gather intelligence to tackle key problems and make breakthroughs.
Reform led, talent driven. Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in innovation, promote the agglomeration of innovation elements to enterprises, give play to the role of the government in building platforms, mechanisms and policies, and create a good innovation environment. Insist that talents are the first resource, promote school enterprise cooperation, build strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leading talents and innovation team, and fully stimulate the innovation vitality of talents.
Open cooperation and coordinated promotion. Adhere to the global vision, actively integrate into the global scientific and technological innovation network, and continue to expand international exchanges and cooperation in Railway Science and technology. We will coordinate all forces and resources in the railway industry, deepen the integration and innovation of industry, University, research and application, and promote cross regional, cross sectoral and cross sectoral collaborative innovation.
（3） Development objectives
By 2025, the railway’s innovation ability and scientific and technological strength will be further improved, the technical equipment will be more advanced and applicable, the engineering construction technology will continue to take the lead, the technical level of transportation services will be significantly enhanced, the intelligent railway technology will make a comprehensive breakthrough, the safety assurance technology will be significantly improved, the green and low-carbon technology will be widely used, the innovation system will be more perfect, and the overall technical level will be world-leading.
Looking forward to 2035, China’s railway strategic scientific and technological strength will continue to strengthen, and the overall technical level and scientific and technological innovation ability will rise sharply. It will become an innovation highland, leading pioneer and important talent center of global Railway Science and technology, and effectively support the construction of a socialist modern power.
III. key tasks
（1） Technical equipment
Focus on key technologies in the field of equipment, promote the development of higher speed intelligent EMUs, advanced transportation equipment and modern engineering equipment, accelerate the tackling of key core technologies, promote the high-end, intelligent and pedigree development of technical equipment, and build a modern equipment system.
1. Promote the research and development of higher speed wheel rail technology
Research and develop key technologies restricting the improvement of speed and energy efficiency such as high-speed train system integration, bearing running structure, axle drive and braking control, form a series of standard system and test verification capability, build an independent, controllable and leading high-speed train product platform with a speed of 250 ~ 400 km / h, and realize the continuous leadership of technical level. Deepen the railway basic theoretical research on wheel rail relationship, pantograph catenary relationship, aerodynamics, vehicle dynamics, impact dynamics, vibration and noise control, ballastless track structure dynamics, energy consumption and recovery of high-speed trains. Carry out research on drag reduction and energy saving, vibration and noise reduction, train line relationship, fluid solid coupling, vehicle interoperability, passenger compartment environmental quality and coordination, intelligence and lightweight technology of the train at higher operation speed, so as to improve the safety, reliability and comfort of the train at high operation speed.
2. Strengthen the research and development of advanced carrier equipment technology
Improve the research and development of intercity and municipal (suburban) equipment technology, and improve the lightweight, intelligent and green technology level of intercity and municipal (suburban) equipment. Promote the mature application of 30000 ton heavy haul trains and express freight equipment with a speed of 160 km / h and above, and promote the research, application and industrialization of 25 ~ 40 ton axle load freight equipment, 120 km / h multimodal transport and high-speed freight equipment technology. Promote the R & D and application of railway special vehicles such as standardized, containerized and modular freight equipment, new cold chain, dangerous goods transportation, piggyback transportation and double-layer container transportation, so as to realize the development of heavy load of bulk freight, high speed of fast freight and specialization of special freight. Carry out research and development of technical reserves such as 600 km / h high-speed maglev system and low vacuum tube (tunnel) high-speed train.
3. Strengthen the research and development of modern engineering equipment technology
Carry out the research on surrounding rock grade identification and new rock breaking methods of TBM, and develop a new generation of TBM and tunnel drilling and blasting construction equipment. Research and develop high-efficiency and high-precision drilling, in-situ test, geotechnical test, geophysical exploration and remote sensing equipment integrating information technology. Carry out the research and development of key technologies of intelligent excavation, bridge erection and maintenance Siasun Robot&Automation Co.Ltd(300024) , promote the research and large-scale application of complete sets of engineering equipment such as intelligent, pedigree and configurable railway line survey, construction, detection, monitoring, operation and maintenance and rescue in complex environment, and improve the digitization, integration and visualization level of engineering construction management. The key technologies of strengthening and service performance improvement of heavy haul railway track equipment are studied. We will develop a new generation of railway intelligent comprehensive detection and monitoring and unmanned full-automatic inspection equipment suitable for special environment and high-speed operation at a speed of 400 kilometers per hour, accelerate the upgrading of large maintenance machinery, and promote the development and operation of new railway hoisting machinery and rapid rescue and repair equipment for high-speed railway.
4. Accelerate key core technology research
Overcome the basic bearing theory based on complex boundary conditions, improve the key core technologies such as bearing design, simulation, material, manufacturing, test, application and maintenance for high-speed train bogie, build a platform for bearing technology and product innovation capability for bogie, form the bearing industry chain and large-scale industrialization capability, and promote product loading and application. Improve the complete technology of wheel, axle and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) chip for high-speed train, establish and apply the whole chain technology system and standard system, form a complete technical innovation platform, and realize the examination, promotion and application of product loading and application. Develop and apply new train traction control, braking control, auxiliary power supply control, train network and operation control system.
（2） Engineering construction
Relying on major projects, give play to the key role of scientific and technological innovation, improve the comprehensive strength of survey and design, break through the key technologies of project construction in complex and dangerous mountainous areas, overcome the disaster pregnant mechanism and technical problems of prevention and control of severe environmental disasters, and provide strong support for promoting the construction of national major projects with high starting point, high standard and high quality.
1. Promote the application of Integrated Survey and Design Technology
Carry out the research and development of remote sensing target recognition technology for special geological environment and complex meteorological environment, so as to realize the high efficiency, high precision and high adaptability of railway survey means. Research Beidou satellite navigation, airborne radar, UAV low altitude remote sensing, airborne geophysical prospecting, mobile synchronous positioning and mapping (SLAM) and other technologies, and promote the systematic application of air space integrated exploration technology and satellite positioning and measurement methods. Research and develop intelligent route selection technology supported by geographic information system big data (GIS) and cloud computing technology to realize multi scheme automatic generation and multi-dimensional intelligent evaluation. Study the key technologies of complex environmental geological survey, and improve the anti-interference and refinement level of engineering survey technology. Strengthen the research and development of basic software for Railway Survey and design, and speed up the test, verification and application promotion. Further promote the railway information model technology, realize the standardization and digitization of the creation and delivery of the full life cycle information model, and promote the integrated design.
2. Strengthen the tackling of key problems in engineering construction technology
Carry out research on tunnel construction technology under extremely complex geological conditions such as extremely high ground stress, high ground temperature, large deformation of soft rock and strong earthquake active fracture, actively promote the engineering application of tunnel prefabrication and assembly construction technology, break through key technologies such as geo material utilization of engineering materials, corrosion mechanism and service life of key materials and seamless turnout of plateau railway, and serve major engineering construction. Promote the research on the design and construction technology of complex special structure bridges and CWR on bridges, and comprehensively improve the railway construction level in difficult and dangerous mountainous areas. Study the key technologies of Subgrade under special climate and complex geological conditions, and continuously improve the construction quality of subgrade engineering. Continuously carry out technical research on ballastless track structure to meet the requirements of safety and comfort. Deepen technical research on deformation control of track, bridge and subgrade with a speed of 400 km / h, and optimization of aerodynamic effects of tunnels and ancillary facilities. Further optimize the structural type of bridge and tunnel of large axle load line, and establish a series of technical system of China’s heavy haul railway.
3. Deepen the application of engineering disaster prevention and reduction technology
Deepen the research on risk control theory, carry out key technical research on disaster prevention and mitigation route selection and overall design based on risk control theory, develop early identification and trend intelligent identification technology of major geological disaster characteristics, and comprehensively enhance the risk management level of railway engineering. Develop infrastructure disaster prevention and capacity maintenance technology and emergency repair technology to improve the efficiency of disaster prevention and repair. Carry out research on digital monitoring and detection technology of construction process under complex environmental conditions, and improve engineering construction safety guarantee measures. Improve the monitoring system for natural disasters and foreign matter intrusion, earthquake monitoring and early warning system and perimeter intrusion alarm system, and improve the technical level of disaster prevention and reduction of railway engineering. Promote the application of structural health monitoring and long-term performance observation technology, and enhance the ability of integrated management, intelligent analysis and early warning of safety data and potential problems, operation status and performance laws.
（3） Transportation services
Focusing on the goal of “people enjoy their travel and things flow smoothly”, carry out technology R & D and application in the field of passenger transportation, cargo transportation and transportation organization, constantly meet the diversified, high-quality and refined transportation service needs of passengers and cargo owners, and realize the convenience of passenger transportation, freight logistics, efficient dispatching and intelligent transportation.
1. Promote technological innovation of passenger transport services
Improve the innovative design and Research on the architecture of China railway customer service system (12306), realize the elastic expansion of business functions and improve the concurrent processing performance of the system. Carry out research on passenger demand analysis and prediction technology to realize continuous optimization of passenger train operation scheme. Deepen the research on the design technology of differentiated service system, improve the differentiated pedigree passenger transport product system, and effectively adapt to the multi-level transportation needs of passengers. Promote the research on intelligent travel service technology for passengers in the whole process, make breakthroughs in biometric technology and senseless payment technology, and deepen the research on high-speed rail technology on 5g signal. Promote the construction of integrated comprehensive transportation hub, carry out research on the construction of passenger connecting transportation network and collaborative transportation organization technology, gradually push comprehensive travel schemes covering the seamless connection of various transportation modes to passengers, and build an accurate service system for passengers’ personalized needs.
2. Speed up the technical upgrading of goods transportation services
Improve the architecture design of railway freight e-commerce system (95306), optimize the integrated freight comprehensive service platform, and realize electronic application and multi-channel information service. Promote the construction of high-speed rail express service system and form a complete set of technical schemes matching infrastructure, equipment system and operation management. Apply the key core technologies of multimodal transport, develop intelligent and automatic railway freight collection and distribution system, improve the efficient logistics network railway freight system covering end users, integrate into the social logistics system and play a backbone role. Promote the research on the standardization construction of multimodal transport railway, and accelerate the improvement of key and basic national and industrial standards. Explore key technologies such as whole process tracking and query of freight and guarantee of delivery time limit.
3. Deepen the research and development of transportation efficiency improvement technology
Carry out research on Key Technologies of intelligent comprehensive dispatching, deepen the research and development of high-speed railway intelligent dispatching centralized (CTC), multimedia communication and emergency command technology, and break through technologies such as multi-level and multi granularity collaborative traffic command for the whole network, high-density cross line transportation dispatching of high-speed trains at different speed levels, etc. We will deepen the research on the technology of smaller tracking interval of high-speed railway, and promote the research on the comprehensive technology of mixed passenger and freight transportation with a speed of 200 ~ 250 kilometers per hour. Promote the research on the integration of train operation command and control of regional rail transit system with railway as the backbone. The intelligent compilation system of train diagram under abnormal conditions of high-speed railway is studied.
（4） Intelligent Railway
Vigorously promote the in-depth integration of Beidou satellite navigation, 5g, artificial intelligence, big data, Internet of things, cloud computing, blockchain and other cutting-edge technologies with railway technology and equipment, engineering construction, transportation services and other fields, strengthen the R & D and application of key core technologies of intelligent railway, promote the collaborative sharing of big data, promote the development of digital economy in the railway field and improve the intelligent level of railway.
1. Promote the deep integration of cutting-edge technology and railway field
Relying on the comprehensive application demonstration project of Beidou railway industry, promote the R & D and application of key technologies such as Beidou satellite navigation system Railway Basic space-time coordinates, infrastructure survey and design, structural safety monitoring, train operation control and safety monitoring, freight real-time positioning service, and establish an independent and controllable railway Beidou application technology system. Study the 5g complete set of technologies and promote the
